218 PERMANENT PLANTATIONS. 



Filberts, six to eight feet apart. 



Gooseberries and Currants, four or five feet apart. 



Raspberries, two to three feet apart. 



Mr. Rivers gives the following distances in his " Minia- 

 ture Fruit Garden " : 



Pyramidal Pear-Trees, on quince stocks, root-pruned 

 for small gardens, four feet apart. The same, in larger 

 gardens, not root-pruned, six feet apart. 



Pyramidal Pear-Trees, on the pear stock, root-pruned, 

 six feet apart. The same, roots not pruned, eight to ten 

 feet the latter if the soil be very rich. 



Horizontal Espalier Pear-Trees, on the quince stock, 

 for rails or walls, fifteen feet apart. 



Upright Espaliers, on the quince stock, for rails or walls, 

 four to six feet apart. 



Horizontal Espaliers, on the pear stock, for rails or 

 walls, twenty to twenty-four feet apart. 



Pyramidal Plum-Trees, six feet apart. 



Espalier Plum-Trees, twenty feet apart. 



Pyramidal Apple-Trees, on the Paradise stock, root- 

 pruned for small gardens, four feet apart. The same, roots 

 not pruned, six feet apart. 



Espalier Apple-Trees, on the Paradise stock, fifteen feet 

 apart. The same, on the crab stock, twenty to twenty- 

 four feet apart. 



Peaches and Nectarines for walls, twenty feet apart. 



Apricots for walls, twenty-four feet apart. 



Cherries, as bushes on the Mahaleb stock, roots pruned 

 for small gardens, four feet apart. The same, roots not 

 pruned, six feet apart. 



Espalier Cherry-Trees, on the Mahaleb, for rails or 

 walls, twelve to fifteen feet apart. 



