278 



PRUNING. 



its trellis ; all others are rubbed off, or the buds cut out. 

 Thus each of these arms produces two shoots an up- 

 right and a horizontal one. During the summer, these 



Fig. 136. VINE WITH ITS ARMS LAID DOWN. 



Tlie arms to be shortened at c, the bud a to be allowed to produce a shoot. 



shoots are carefully tied in as required, the side shoots 

 pinched off from time to time, and all suckers rubbed 

 out as they appear. They are also stopped in September, 

 as before. 



Fourth Year. Each of last year's shoots is cut back 

 to within three feet of its base. It may be necessary to 

 cut the horizontal ones closer than the upright ones, to 

 obtain another strong upright shoot. The two upright 



canes already es- 

 tablished will pro- 

 duce a shoot from 

 their tops, to con- 

 tinue their exten- 

 sion upwards, and 

 the horizontal ones, 

 as before, produce 

 a shoot at the point 

 to be carried out- 

 wards, and one on 

 the top to be train- 

 ed up to one of 

 the upright bars. This year several fruit shoots will 

 be produced, on each of which one or two bunches of 

 grapes may be ripened. In this way the vine goes on 

 adding every season two new upright canes, and two or 

 three feet in length to the previous ones, until the whole 

 trellis is covered ; when the management will consist in 



Fig. 137. 



Vine with horizontal arras, A, A. and upright per- 

 manent canes, spur-pruned. 



