THE GRAPE. 281 



so reducing that the end of the arm has only a bud from 

 which to grow a new cane (see fig. 139). This is sup- 

 posed to assist in move equally distributing the flow of 

 sap. The upright canes from the main vine are yearly 

 cut back and renewed for use as arms when wanted. 

 In cases where the modes of training above described 



Fig. 139. VINE ON THE GUTOT SYSTEM. 



cannot be conveniently adopted, two or three poles, twelve 

 to fifteen feet high, may be sunk in the ground, with a 

 space of three or four feet between them at the bottom, 

 and fastened together at the top, forming a cone around 

 which the permanent canes may be trained in a spiral 

 manner. 



This produces a very beautiful effect, and occupies com- 

 paratively little space, but the grapes will not all ripen so 



