282 PRUNING. 



well, nor will the training be so easy as on the flat surface 

 of a trellis. 



Another way of arranging the poles is with the tops 

 outwardly, and securing them at distances by hoops. 

 This mode gives light and air to the vine, but requires 

 good stout poles, well set in the ground, to support it 

 against strong winds. 



Very tasteful arbors may also be made over some of the 

 walks, by training the vine over the wood-work, or wire 

 frame, in the same manner as on a trellis. 



This is a very common practice and offers many advan- 

 tages. Ingenious persons who care well for their garden, 

 as well in its appearance as its productions, will conceive 

 other plans still better adapted to their particular wants 

 and taste than any of these ; but the main point must 

 always be kept in view, that is, to provide for the foliage 

 a free, open exposure to the sun. Any system that does 

 not secure this, will fail to a greater or less extent. 



In the management of a grape-vine, as in the manage- 

 ment of other trees, summer pruning, i. e., pinching the 

 ends of shoots, not cutting away of foliage, is of great 

 consequence. If a vine is left to itself all summer, or from 

 one winter pruning to another, it will be found that avast 

 quantity of useless wood has been produced, and that to 

 the serious detriment of the bearing shoots for the follow- 

 ing year. The growing vine should be frequently visited, 

 shoots tied in, strong ones checked, superfluous ones 

 rubbed off, and every part kept in its proper place, and in 

 a proper degree of vigor. 



VINEYARD CULTURE. 



A quarter of a century since, taking our knowledge of 

 position, soils, etc., from the vineyards of Europe, we sup- 

 posed that hill-sides, or warm, sheltered positions only, 

 were suited to the culture of the grape, but thanks to the 



