452 DISEASES AXI> INSECTS. 



from the obstinacy of the bark, and could only be 

 remedied by longitudinal incisions on the small part. 



It is most probable that the extent and severity of this 

 disease in the West is owing to violent changes from a 

 hard frost to a bright sun and rapid thaw, by which the 

 sap becomes deranged, and accumulates in masses. Trees 

 that are branched near the ground will be less likely to 

 suffer than those with tall, bare trunks. Where it has 

 made some progress in any tree, pare off the diseased 

 bark, clean off all the gum, and let the surface dry up ; 

 then apply a plaster of grafting composition, or a solution 

 of gum shellac in alcohol, put on with a brush. 



When the stone fruits arc pruned severely in the spring, 

 the sap does not find sufficient vent ; it accumulates in 

 masses and bursts the bark. This fact should always be 

 kept in view in pruning, and a sufficient supply of active 

 buds be left to absorb the sap. 



The Yellows in the Peach. This is supposed to arise 

 from negligent cultivation. It exhibits itself in a yellow, 

 sickly foliage, feeble shoots, and small fruits prematurely 

 ripened. It is said to be contagious. Trees exhibiting 

 these symptoms should instantly be destroyed. To avoid 

 it, propagate only from trees in perfect health and vigor. 



Mildew on the Peach. The young shoots, leaves, and 

 even the fruit of certain varieties, and especially the gland- 

 less ones, such as Early Anne, Early Tillotson, etc., are 

 attacked by this. The only remedies are, to give the 

 trees a dry, good soil, that will keep them in a vigorous 

 condition, and to syringe freely twice a day when it 

 begins to appear. The gooseberry suffers seriously from 

 the mildew, owing mainly to the heat of our summers. In 

 Northern New York, in Maine, Vermont, and Lower 

 Canada, the finest large English varieties are brought to 

 greater perfection than in warmer districts, and with good 

 culture almost come up to the English standard. In a 

 cold, damp-bottomed soil at Toronto^ almost on a level 



