INSECTS. 457 



eggs in June, in the bark of the trees near the ground. 

 Here the larva is hatched, becoming a whitish grub, 

 which saws its way into the tree, perforating it in all 

 directions, sometimes completely girdling it. The most 

 eifectual method to destroy them is, to insert the end of a 

 wire into their burrow, and killing them. The same 

 means are taken to guard against them as against the 

 peach-tree grub, viz., placing a mound of ashes around 

 the base of the trunk in the spring, and allowing it to 

 remain until after the season in which the beetles deposit 

 their eggs. It prevents them from reaching the soft bark 

 at the surface of the ground, the place usually selected. 

 It is stated in Downing's Fruit and Fruit Trees, that " the 

 beetles may be destroyed in June by building small fires 

 of shavings in different parts of the orchard." 



The Apple -Worm Codling-Moth. The ravages of 

 this insect on the apple are becoming quite alarming, and 

 unless its destruction be pursued with prompt and perse- 

 vering efforts, our apple-orchards will soon cease to be 

 profitable. The moth appears in New England, New 

 York, and other places similar in climate, about the mid- 

 dle of June ; farther south earlier. It deposits its eggs 

 in the eye or calyx of the young apple ; in a few days 

 they hatch, and the worm burrows into the core of the 

 fruit. It can be traced by the brownish powder which it 

 casts out behind it. In some three weeks it attains its 

 full size, and escapes from the apple through a hole which 

 it makes in the side, and takes shelter in the scales of the 

 bark of the tree or such other suitable place as it can find. 

 It has been supposed that they remain in their cocoons 

 all winter, but from recent observations they complete 

 their transformations in two or three weeks, and raise a sec- 

 ond ' brood. Southward it is even supposed that they 

 reach the third generation in one season. 



Means of Destruction. 1st. Scrape and clean the bark 

 of the trees thoroughly early in spring, and see that no 

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