476 



NURSERY AND FRUIT GARDEN IMPLEMENTS. 



Tree-Scraper (fig. 184). This is made of heavy plate- 

 steel, with a long, jointed 

 handle for scraping upper 

 branches, or a short one 

 Fig. 180. GRAPE SCISSORS. for the trunks. 



SECTION 3. LADDERS AND FRUIT-GATHERERS. 



Ladders. Of these there are many kinds. For the 

 fruit-garden, where 

 the trees are low, 

 the self-supporting 

 ladder (fig. 185) is lgl PRUNING . KNIPE . 



the most conveni- 

 ent and best. It should be made of light wood, with flat 



steps, so that a person 

 can stand upon them 

 and work. The back, 

 or supports, consist of 



Fig. 182. BUDDING-KNIFE. 



Fig. 183. GRAFTING CHISEL. 



one or two light pieces of timber, fixed at the top with 



hooks and straps, so as to be contracted or extended at 



pleasure. A ladder of 



this kind, six or eight 



feet high, will answer 



all the demands of a 



garden. 



Orchard Ladders are of various kinds. For pruning or 

 gathering the fruit from lofty trees, a great length of lad- 

 der is necessary ; it is therefore desirable that the mate- 

 rial be as light as 

 possible consistent 

 with the necessary 

 strength. Some- 



times these long lad- 

 ders are composed 

 of several smaller ones, that fit into one another, all 



Fig. 184. TREE-SCRAPER. 



