BUCKTHORN. 



69 



BUDDING. 



apart, keeping the ground loose led by 

 hoeing; and as soon as the stems reach 

 their full height, which is known by the 

 bp beginning to cabbage, it is cut. This 

 Ilirows all the strength of the plant into 

 Tie sprouts on the stem, and makes the 



BRUSSELS SPROUTS. 



bottom ones as good as the top." Mr. 

 NTcIntosh dissents from this practice of 

 uniting the top : " From their form and 

 position," he says, " they protect the 

 sprouts during winter, and in wet weather, 

 from frost, snow, and rain." 



Buckthorn. 



Of this species, however smoky the 

 Atmosphere, Rhanmus alatennis, the 

 fommon alaternus, and others of the 

 same genus, which are all of quick 

 growth and hardy, will live and do well, 

 provided only they have shelter from the 

 wind. 



Budding, or Shield Grafting. 



General Characters. Grafts of this 

 description present the following charac- 

 ters : they consist in raising an eye or bud 

 with a piece of the bark and wood, and 

 transferring it to another part of the same 

 plant, or any other plant of the same 

 species. Budding is chiefly employed on 



young shoots or trees from one to five 

 years old, -which bear a thin, tender, and 

 smooth bark. The term " shield-graft- 

 ing" is applied to it from the shield-like 

 form of the base of the bud, as shown 

 at A in Fig. i, which is inserted into the 

 cleft cut for its reception in the bark of the 

 stock. 



Conditions. The necessary conditions 

 are, that the operation takes place when 

 trees are in full growth, when the bark of 

 the subject can be easily detached from the 



FIG. I. BUDDING PREPARATION OF BUD. A. 

 BUDJ B. BUD INSERTED IN STOCK AND 

 BOUND ON. 



liber, and it may be performed generally 

 from May to August. The buds adapted 

 for the operation should present well- 

 constituted eyes or gemmce at the axil of 

 the leaf ; if they are not sufficiently so, it 

 is possible to prepare them by pinching 

 the herbaceous extremity of the bud, thus 

 producing a reflux of the sap towards the 

 base ; and in about twelve days' time the 

 eyes will have become sufficiently de- 

 veloped ; then detach the bud from the 

 parent tree. Suppress all leaves, only 

 reserving a very small portion of the 

 petiole, or leaf-stalk, as at c in P'ig. 2. 



Removal of Bud and Insertion in Stock. 

 Having fixed upon the intended stock 

 and bud, take a sharp budding-knife, and 

 with a clean cut remove the bud from its 

 branch, with about a quarter of an inch o/ 

 the bark above and below ; remove all the 



