CHINA ROSES. 



1 04 



CHOROZEMA. 



larger pots, as may be found necessary. 

 Capsicums and chilis can be used in the 

 green state as well as when ripe and 

 red, and those who are content with the 

 fruit in this condition may set the plants in 

 the open border at the end of June. They 

 will not ripen their fruit in this position. 



China Roses. See Roses, China. 



Chi'onodox'a (nat. ord. Lilia'cea). 



This bulb requires similar treatment to 

 that accorded to bulbs generally (see Bulbs ', 

 Form and Classification, et seq.). The mean- 

 ing of the name is " Glory of the Snow," 

 by which it is better known, perhaps, to 

 many. It does well out of doors, and may 

 be grown in cold frames or a cool green- 

 house. It thrives in a compost of peat, 

 sand, and loam in equal proportions, if 

 potted. It is propagated by seeds and 

 offsets. The best known variety is Ohio- 

 nodoxa Lucilioe^ with blossoms of intense 

 blue and white. 



Chisel. 



Sometimes old trees of considerable size 

 are renovated by cutting off the head and 

 inserting grafts into the stumps of the 

 branches that are left on the main stem or 

 trunk. The branches are first removed 

 with the saw ; but as a saw cut is ragged, 

 and a clean, smooth cut is always necessary 

 for the quicker and more effectual healing 

 of the wound thus inflicted, the rough 

 surface produced by the abrading action of 

 the teeth of the saw must be smoothed over 

 with a chisel. For this purpose the ordinary 

 carpenter's chisel will do, always provided 

 that it is at least one inch in breadth, and 

 very sharp. Sometimes the chisel has to be 

 called into action to slit or notch a stock for 

 the purpose of grafting, and for this purpose 

 a chisel termed the garden chisel is used, 

 which differs from the carpenter's chisel in 

 being wedge-shaped by bevelling on both 



sides instead of on one only. There is a 

 strong chisel, known as the forest chisel, 

 used in forestry for separating small branches 

 close to the bole or trunk with a clean cut. 

 The blade is broad, and sometimes has pro- 

 jections curving backwards on both sides, 

 which are usually called ears ; the handle 

 is from six to ten feet in length, so that 

 branches that are some distance up the 

 trunk of a tree can be lopped off with 

 facility. The edge of the chisel is placed 

 under the branch, and the end of the handle 

 is then struck with a mallet. In pruning 

 orchards, a variety of the forest chisel is 

 used, having a guard at a little distance from 

 the edge of the blade to prevent it from 

 penetrating into the wood beyond a certain 

 distance, and thus causing an injury which 

 was never intended. With a chisel of this 

 kind a large bough may be severed by carry- 

 ing the chisel cuts round it ; but any neces- 

 sity for its use is obviated by using the saw 

 and smoothing the cut over with a chisel 

 afterwards. 



Chives. 



A hardy perennial propagated by di- 

 vision of the roots in spring or autumn, 

 thriving in any ordinary garden soil. The 

 plants should be set in the ground in small 

 clumps or bunches about 9 inches apart 

 each way. The onion-like leaves like in 

 shape and flavour are useful in soups, 

 salads, &c., and are preferable, for the 

 former being less strong in flavour than the 

 onion. They are useful also for cutting up 

 and mixing with the food of turkeys newly 

 hatched. 



Choroze'ma (not. ord. Legumino'sa). 

 Chorozemas are a most interesting genus 

 of plants from Australia, which bloom 

 almost the whole year, more especially 

 in the winter and early spring, and are 

 consequently most acceptable additions 

 to our greenTioncAc; nnd conservatories. 



