GARDEN USE. 



207 



GARDEN WALLS. 



gardening purposes will be found described 

 under their respective names, the most 

 useful varieties pointed out, and the 

 approximate prices given at which they 

 are usually supplied. 



Garden Use, Baskets for. See 



Baskets for Garden Use. 



Garden Walls -Materials. 



The materials of which garden walls 

 are formed will always depend upon local 

 circumstances; brick, stone, clay, chalk, 

 and oak fencing, being all in common use. 

 Of all these materials, brick seems to be 

 the favourite, absorbing most heat, being 

 the best for training and the most en- 

 during. Forsyth says, '* Where brick 

 cannot be had, it is better to dispense 

 with walls altogether and adopt wood." 

 Whinslone, a species of basalt rock common 

 in the northern counties, is reckoned next 

 for these qualities, while its close grain 

 rejects moisture. 



Form, &c. It has been a question 

 whether inclined or vertical walls are most 

 favourable to the produce of wall-fruit. 

 Zigzag walls, and walls with deep recesses, 

 have also been experimented on; and, 

 latterly, glass walls, which, after all, only 

 amount to an arcade inclosed with glass 

 and lined with vines, fruit-trees, and 

 exotics an arrangement that is beautiful 

 to look on without doubt, but one which 

 will certainly cost more than it is worth, 

 and can only be regarded as an expensive 

 luxury that will never afford remuneration 

 for the outlay expended on it. 



Cheap Wall. An economical wall i< 

 sometimes constructed of bricks laid as 

 stretchers on each side, as shown ir 

 section in Fig. i, the space betweer 

 being filled up with concrete similar to 

 that prepared for the foundation, which in 

 all cases is best made of concrete. This 

 concrete adheres to the brickwork 



headers, or bricks across, are used 

 >ccasionally as bonds, to hold the two 

 iides together. A solid wall of 13^ inches, 

 >r even 18 inches, if built in this manner, 

 would require, roughly speaking, the 

 brmer only two-thirds of the quantity of 

 )ricks employed in building a solid wall 

 of brick, and the latter not more than one 

 lalf, while the cost of the concrete is com- 

 paratively trifling. In countries where 

 )rick is not easily obtained, a very good 

 wall may be constructed with a brick in 

 ront, and stone behind, where one front 



1G. I. WALL FILLED 

 WITH CONCRETE. 



FIG. 2. END OF 

 18-INCH WALL. 



only is required for use. In Fig. I a 

 section of a wall 18 inches, or two bricks 

 thick, is shown, faced on each side with 

 brick, and filled with concrete, and in 

 Fig. 2 an end of the same wall. 



The introduction of hollow bricks is 

 supposed to be conducive to dryness and 

 free ventilation, while it greatly reduces 

 the pressure on the foundation ; but it 

 does not appear that we have any great 

 experience as to its result on garden walls. 



Stone walls for gardens should be built 

 in courses of 4 or 8 inches thick ; the stones 



