HAMMER. 



240 



HARPALIUM. 



FIG. I. CLAW 

 HAMMER. 



desirable to give it two or three light tap 5 ; 

 on the head. This enables the nail to be 

 withdrawn more easily, and without bring- 

 ing away a part of the surface of the brick, 

 which has the effect of leaving an ugly 

 mark upon it. The head of the claw 

 hammer is attached to 

 the handle by two 

 straps, one each side, 

 and held in place by 

 rivets passed through 

 straps and handle. If 

 the hammer used is not 

 a claw hammer, the 

 nails should be with- 

 drawn with a pair of 

 common pincers, and 

 worked gently back- 

 wards and forwards 

 before any attempt is 

 made to remove them. The gardener's 

 hammer should be tolerably heavy, and 

 shorter in the handle than one which is used 

 in carpentry. A hammer weighing about 

 i Ib. or 1 1 Ib. will be found sufficiently 

 weighty for nailing trees to walls. The 

 gardener's claw hammer may be had for 

 is. or is. 6d. 



Garden Nails. The garden nail, or nail 

 for brickwork, is made of cast 

 iron, and as square in form as 

 shown in Fig. 2. It is the only 

 kind of nail that can be driven 

 into brickwork. Wrought nails 

 are altogether useless for this 

 purpose. Being of cast iron, 

 they are brittle, as may be 

 supposed, and will easily break 

 if not struck fairly and directly 

 on the head, or if the point 



FIG. 2.-GAR- . , , 



DEN NAIL, encounters any hard substance 

 in the brick. They are usually 

 made in two sizes, and are sold at from 2d. 

 to 3d. per pound. The cast-iron nails, 

 though excellent for brickwork, are useless 

 or wood, and if trees have to be nailed to 



wood wrought nails should be used, nails 

 having a head, or clout nails, as they are 

 called, being the best for the purpose. 



Shreds. These may be made out of the 

 list of flannel, or from any odd pieces of 

 woollen cloth or old clothes. They should 

 be cut in strips from 2 to 4 inches long and 

 from \ inch to I inch in breadth. When 

 greater holding strength is required than a 

 single thickness will give, a larger shred 

 should be cut, and a double thickness used, 

 either in length or in breadth. 



Harmony of Colour. 



To have a well-formed and well-filled 

 garden is not enough it must also be 

 nicely arranged as to colour ; and this latter 

 is even of much more importance than the 

 former. It is of great importance that the 

 outline of the beds and their relation to 

 each other should be good; but it is of 

 much greater importance that the colours 

 with which they are filled should either 

 harmonise or contrast well with each other. 



The whole principle of effective grouping 

 is based upon the fact that all colours are 

 more or less beautiful when placed in a 

 certain relationship to other colours. 

 Flowers are very much influenced by 

 their neighbours. It is not good for them 

 to be alone; but infinitely better to be 

 alone than in bad company. All colours 

 are strengthened and improved by har- 

 monious contrast and congruous blending 

 together. Certain flowers, when placed 

 contiguously, appear to intensify each other's 

 depth ; others, equally beautiful in them- 

 selves, lessen or destroy each other's beauty 

 when placed in juxtaposition. Hence has 

 arisen the necessity of blending and arrang- 

 ing colours upon some generally received 

 philosophic principle. This is briefly ex- 

 plained in Arrangement of Colour, which 



Harpalium. See Helianthus. 



