ORCHARD HOUSE. 



344 



ORCHARD HOUSE. 



possibility of having even a single door at 

 one end. In such a case the door must be 

 made in the centre of the front, and head- 

 way must be gained for entrance by steps 

 without the house leading down to the' 

 door, and more steps within to give access 

 to the central path, care being taken to 

 leave room enough for the door to open 

 properly before the ascent is commenced. 

 Here a few remarks are necessary on the 

 construction of approaches to a low house 

 by steps without it leading down from a 

 higher level. Looking at Fig. 7, which 

 represents a section of the approach, it is 

 clear that there will be an enclosed space 

 between the door and the steps and the 



Let there be a small gutter running along 

 the front of the step, to one corner, and 

 there, by means of a drain-pipe, shown at 

 E, make provision for the immediate escape 

 of the water into a small cesspit at F, filled 

 with brickbats and large rough stones and 

 clinkers, and covered with brushwood, c. , 

 or two or three large flat stones or slates, 

 if preferred. The cesspit should not be 

 made immediately under the steps, but 

 on one side of them, for obvious reasons. 

 The bottom of the court should be solid 

 and formed of concrete, and it is desirable 

 that the central path of the house should 

 also be of concrete. 



To return to the orchard house itself, the 



FIG 3. BACK ELEVATION. 



containing walls that sustain the soil on 

 either side, and this will act as a catch-pit 

 for rain that may fall on it or water that 

 may trickle into it. Supposing the bottom 

 of this tiny court to be a dead level, as 

 shown by the dotted line at A, the water, 

 having no means of escape, or a very slow 

 means of soaking away at the best, will 

 touch the door sill, B, which will swell by 

 absorbing the moisture and cause the door 

 shown in section at c to jam and open and 

 shut with difficulty. Everybody knows 

 what a nuisance a tight door is, so tp 

 prevent any annoyance from this cause 

 let the bottom of the court in front of 

 the door slope from the door sill to the 

 face of the bottom step as shown by D. 



front elevation is shown in Fig. 2, the 

 back elevation in Fig. 3, and the end 

 elevation in Fig. 4. From these the mode 

 in which the house is boarded up all 

 round, and the construction of the doors, 

 may be seen and fully comprehended. 

 The position of the ventilators is also 

 shown, there being two immediately 

 under the wall plate in the front, three 

 in the back just above the surface of the 

 terrace of the back border, and a row at 

 back immediately under the wall plate. 

 The best and most simple method of 

 making ventilators is shown in Fig. 8. 

 The ventilator itself is a swing board or 

 shutter hinged to the wall plate or board 

 immediately above it, and secured when 



