PARSNIPS. 



256 



PASSIFLORA, 



most curly variety, either in shallow drills, ceed best in a deep, free, rich soil, and 3S 



slightly covered with fine soil, or thin 

 broadcast raked in. If the weather con- 

 tinue dry, water frequently ; in five or six 

 weeks the plants will have appeared ; when 

 large enough, thin them out, so that they 



KERN-LEAVED 1'AKSLKY. 



may be 4 or 5 inches apart. By the end 

 of autumn they will be large and vigorous 

 plants. At this time, drive a row of stakes 

 or hoops into the ground, on each side of 

 the bed, so as to form arches strong enough 

 to support a covering of mats, which should 

 be laid over them as soon as frosty or wet 

 weather threatens to set in. During in- 

 tense frosts increase the protection, re- 

 moving it on fine days, and removing it 

 entirely in mild weather. The soil should 

 be kept dry, and all decayed leaves care- 

 fully removed : in this manner this useful 

 vegetable may be available all the winter. 



Parsley is a biennial, and as it runs to 

 seed in the second year, even when sown 

 as late as possible in the previous year, it 

 3s necessary to make a sowing every year. 

 To keep parsley available for culinary pur- 

 poses as long as possible, remove the flower- 

 stalks as soon as they appear. Green Curled 

 Parsley is a useful variety for ordinary use, 

 and Carter's "Perpetual" Parsley, which, 

 it is said, stands for many years without 

 running to seed. 



Parsnips. 



Preparation of the Soil, Parsnips suc- 



the application of fresh manure tends to 

 the production of forked and badly formed 

 roots, ground in high condition (having 

 been heavily manured for the previous 

 crop) should be selected. If manure is 

 used, let it be well rotted, short farmyard 

 manure, or use guano. The ground should 

 be trenched 2 feet 6 inches, and ridged up 

 as long as possible before sowing. 



Time and Method of Sowing. Sow in 

 lines 15 to 18 inches apart, as early in 

 spring as the ground can be found in fail 

 working condition, scattering the seeds 

 thinly, and covering them inch to i 

 inch with the finest of the soil. 



After-management. When the plants 

 are about 2 or 3 inches high, thin them 

 out, leaving 6 or 8 inches between them. 

 Keep the ground free from 

 weeds, and the surface open 

 by frequent deep stirrings 

 with the hoe. Towards the 

 end of November take up 

 the roots, and, after cutting 

 off the tops, &c. , either store 

 them in damp sand, in a 

 cellar, or pit, as is done 

 with potatoes. The roots 

 being hardy would be quite 

 safe in the ground. 



Among the varieties of the 

 parsnip now sold by seeds- 

 men Sutton's "Student 

 an important acquisition ; of 

 very superior flavour, with 

 clean and handsome roots. Large Guernsey, 

 and the Hollow Crowned, most useful for 

 main crop, may be specially recommended. 



Passiflo'ra Passion-flower (nat. 



ord. Passiflor'eae). 



The Passion-flowers form a genus of 

 magnificent ornamental twining shrubs, 

 with flowers at once interesting, beautiful, 

 and curious, which are produced in the 



