REGENERATING FRUIT-TREES. 419 



RESERVE GARDEN. 



a drill for seed sowing, this stake is pressed 

 into the ground, usually by the hand of the 

 gardener, or, if necessary, by the pressure 

 of his heel. The line is then unwound 

 from the frame as far as it is necessary, and 

 the pin passing through the frame is pressed 

 into the ground at the point required ; the 

 line is then turned round the pin just below 

 the frame, and is tightened by screwing the 

 stake round and round. When the neces- 

 sary tension has been obtained, pressure is 

 exerted on the frame and its stake to force 

 them into the mould, so that the line may 

 no slip or slacken. 



Regenerating Fruit-trees. See 



Fruit-trees, Regeneration of. 



Reserve Garden. 



Herbaceous Plants. With regard to the 

 Reserve Garden, this, as its name imports, 

 is not meant to be a special object of beauty 

 in itself, but to provide the means of up- 

 holding a continuous display of beauty else- 

 where. Many plants that are totally unfit, 

 from the short duration of their bloom, to 

 enter the flower garden as permanent 

 occupants, may, with perfect safety, be 

 transplanted there for the display of their 

 floral beauty, and be returned, as they fade, 

 to the reserve garden. Of this class is the 

 whole race of polyanthuses, hepaticas, hardy 

 ariculas, primroses, and violets. The winter 

 aconite, the Christmas rose (Helleborus 

 niger}, the spring arabis (Arabis verna], 

 the rock alyssum or madwort (Alyssum 

 saxatile), all the saxifrages, sedums, cam- 

 panulas, early-flowering phloxes, adonis, 

 orobus, and other similar plants, should 

 also be found here. All these, and any 

 other plants of similar habit, may be moved 

 into the flower garden after the bedding 

 plants are cleared off in October or Novem- 

 ber, and taken back to the reserve garden in 

 April or May, to make room for the more 

 permanent flowering plants. 



Most of the temporary tenants of the 

 reserve garden are propagated by division 

 of the root ; and at the time they are taken 

 back to their summer quarters in the reserve 

 garden will be the best period thus to in- 

 crease the stock. When they are severally 

 subdivided, it may be necessary to shade 

 them for a time, as the profusion and per- 

 fection of next year's blossoms are depen- 

 dent upon the healthy growth of their 

 summer leaves. In no case, however, 

 should shading be resorted to if the plants 

 will bear full exposure to light and air with- 

 out it, as direct sunlight is the great agent 

 in elaborating the sap and inducing the 

 production of flowers. The roots of some 

 of the species, of which the Russian violet 

 may be accepted as a representative, should 

 be divided and young plants formed annu- 

 ally. Others, of which the Alyssum saxa- 

 tile is a type, flower better and are much 

 more effective as large plants or patches. 



Hardy Annuals. The reserve garden is 

 also the proper place for sowing hardy 

 annuals in the autumn, for embellishing the 

 flower garden in the spring. They should 

 be sown thinly broadcast in beds, in Sep- 

 tember or October, and the oftener they are 

 pricked out or transplanted the better. The 

 checks incident to such operations ensure 

 profusion of bloom and hardiness of con- 

 stitution. 



In rapid-growing plants the sap is not 

 only more abundant, but also r-ore watery, 

 or thinner, than in those of slower growth. 

 The affinity of frost for water especially 

 exposes plants in this state to the full force 

 of its blighting power. The thicker or 

 more highly elaborated the sap, not only 

 the more profuse the bloom, but the greater 

 the power of the plant to resist cold. Hence 

 arises the safety of broccoli that has been 

 heeled over, and of stocks that have been 

 transplanted, when either, if left to grow 

 freely, are killed by the frost ; and hence, 

 too, the benefit of transplanting annual' 



