ROSES, TREATMENT OF.- 



447 



RUE. 



summrr ; propagate by budding from June till 

 September, and by layers in July and August; 

 graft in March. In June cut off half the number 

 of clusters showing themselves ; these will bloom 

 again in August. Towards the end of February, cut 

 off from each vigorous shoot of the preceding sum- 

 mer two-thirds of its length, and from weaker ones 

 two-thirds, cutting put all superfluous ones entirely. 

 An annual removal is recommended, stirring the bed 

 well and replanting, adding two shovelfuls of equal 

 parts rotted dung and good loam if the soil be poor ; 

 equal parts rotted dung and road-sand if it be stiff. 



12. Bourbon Roses. -Prune close to within 

 four or five buds, in April, the more delicate kinds, 

 and moderately all vigorous growers; in summer 

 the ends of long vigorous shoots on standards or 

 pillars should be pinched off. Propagate by bud- 

 dings, layers, and cuttings, from June to Novem- 

 ber ; graft in March. On Manetti stocks they are 

 beautiful dwarf standards. They require high 

 culture, plenty of manure water, and a coating of 

 mulch, covered with moss for appearances, and to 

 prevent radiation. 



13. Tea-Scented and China Roses require 

 little pruning. Thin out old wood about the end 

 of March, and shorten to half its length, to en- 

 courage young shoots ; propagate by budding, 

 layers, and cuttings, from June till November. 

 The tea-scented roses are more tender than the 

 China, and require more care. On their own roots, 

 and in moist soil, they require a raised bed, made 

 of 9 inches of brick rubbish and 12 inches of garden 

 mould and rotted dung in equal portions, well 

 mixed, adding a little river-sand. In this plant the 

 bushes, 2 feet apart. Protect in winter by green 

 furze or other spray, which will admit plenty of air 

 while keeping out frost. 



14. Noisette Roses. Slightly shorten and 

 train the shoots at their full length, and thin out in 

 March ; propagate by layers, cuttings, and budding, 

 from June till September ; graft in March. When 

 done flowering, cut the shoots close to the ground 

 to encourage others for next season. Tea-scented 

 Noisettes are tender, and require a wall in a warm 

 aspect, or a pillar well sheltered; the soil well 

 manured, and stirred 20 inches deep. 



15. Scotch Roses will grow almost anywhere, 

 in any soil, in the crevice of a rock, or in a sandy 

 soil, with plenty of air ; they require little pruning, 

 and bloom early in the season. 



Roses, Weeping. 



Should be worked on stems 4 feet and 

 upwards in height. In the first pruning 

 they are cut close in ; the shoots are 

 thinned out as with standards, shortening 

 back the others to give vigorous growth. 

 Having a pendulous habit and long shoots, 

 these roses soon sweep the ground, but the 

 nature of the stocks, whether the dog-rose 

 or the Manetti be selected, limits the 

 height at most to 10 or 12 feet. Support 

 must be provided by a strong stake, while 

 th head is extended outwards, and directed 



downwards. For this purpose light iron 

 rods and wire hoops, of sufficient circum- 

 ference, will be found very useful. I' 

 grown simply as an object of decoration 

 on the lawn, a standard 7 feet high, with 

 a head five feet in diameter, formed of 

 some of the climbing roses, as the Ever- 

 green rose, decorated with some of the 

 hybrid perpetual hybrids, as La Reine, 

 Colonel de Rougemont, General Jacque- 

 minot, or General Simpson, drooping to 

 the ground in a curving line, or on a 

 larger scale, making an arbour, will form 

 a beautiful tree when in bloom. 



Rotation of Crops. 



The growth of the same crops succes- 

 sively on the same piece of ground im- 

 poverishes the soil, but, as only particular 

 substances in the earth are exhausted by 

 particular plants, it is possible to resort to 

 a rotation of crops. In the garden certain 

 rules must be observed in this rotation. 

 Plants belonging to the same order or of 

 similar structure must not succeed each 

 other. Thus, cruciferous plants (turnips, 

 etc.) should be followed by leguminous 

 (peas, beans, etc.) ; deep-rooting plants 

 (carrots, etc.) by spinach, etc. ; bulb 

 plants by seed plants ; exhausting crops, 

 like cabbage, by lettuce, etc. The best 

 system of rotation is that of Mr. Errington, 

 formerly gardener at Oulton Park, Cheshire. 

 He follows "deepeners," such as asparagus, 

 by "preparers,"*.., potatoes, carrots, etc.; 

 these, after manuring, by surface crops, as 

 lettuce, etc. ; and these last by the " dete- 

 riorators," the exhausting cabbage tribe. 



Rue. 



Is a medicinal plant, but is sometimes 

 used for garnishing. It may be propagated 

 from seeds or slips sown or taken in March 

 or April. It is useful as a medicine for 

 fowls when mixed into a paste with a little 

 soot and butter. 



