TREES, TRAINING. 



TREES, TRAINING. 



inches from the artificial edging of the 

 border or piece of ground. Strawberries, 

 however, may line the edge, and the apples 

 be put a little further back. Posts must be 

 set in the ground at either end of the line 

 that the cordon is to take, and intermediate 

 posts set between them at the distance of 

 about 12 feet apart from post to post. Gal- 

 vanised iron wire is then strained from end 

 post to end post, as shown in Fig. I, which 

 shows the appearance of the tree in winter, 

 and supported by or fastened to the inter- 

 mediate posts. Small trees grafted on 

 Paradise stocks, and planted about 4 or 5 

 feet apart from end to end are recom- 

 mended. At the first planting about one- 

 third of the stem is cut away, and the tree 



and are trained in opposite directions, as 

 shown in Fig. 2, which exhibits the ap- 

 pearance of the cordon apple-tree in 

 summer. 



Cordon System, Vertical, for Pears. The 

 oblique cordon is considered the best form 

 for the pear, and indeed for all kinds of 

 trees that are trained on this system on 

 walls and wires, but sometimes the vertical 

 form with two branches is adopted, as 

 shown in the accompanying illustration, 

 which is sufficient to show the manner in 

 which the training and pruning is effected. 



Cordon System, Oblique. In order to 

 render the method of growing pears, and 

 indeed all other fruit-trees on the oblique 

 cordon system, as complete and as intelli- 



FIG. 2. LOW CORDON FOR EDGING OF BORDER IN SUMMER. 



is left in a vertical position. The following 

 winter the stem is bent and fastened to the 

 wire, which should be about eighteen 

 inches above the level of the ground. In 

 the second year, all vertical shoots are 

 removed, and horizontal and lateral shoots 

 pinched and pruned in order to convert 

 them into fruit spurs ; the leader or ter- 

 minal shoot is allowed to grow about 18 

 or 20 inches beyond the stem of its next 

 neighbour, and at a fitting season, namely, 

 March, the leader of one tree is connected 

 with the stem of the next tree a little 

 beyond the bend by inarching. Thus, a 

 connected row of little trees is obtained, in 

 which uniformity of growth is obtained and 

 maintained by an equal distribution of the 

 sap throughout every tree. Sometimes two 

 shoots are allowed to spring from the stem 



gible as possible, the following is taken 

 from the instructions given on the pruning 

 and training of the pear by Du Breuil. 



" Choose," says M. bu Breuil, "healthy 

 and vigorous young trees of one year's 

 grafting, carrying only one stem. Plant 

 them 1 6 inches apart, and incline them one 

 over the other at an angle of 60. Cut off 

 about a third of the length just above a 

 front fruit bud. During the following 

 summer favour as much as possible the 

 development of the terminal shoot : all 

 j the others must be transformed into fruit 

 branches, by the same means as described 

 for pyramidal trees. 



" The second pruning has for its object 

 to transform the lateral shoots into fruit 

 spurs ; the new extension of the stem must 

 be cut back a third. If the terminal exten- 



