VINERIES, GROUND. 



544 



VIOLET. 



of the bars should be firmly screwed down. 

 The form of the connection between ridge 

 and bar and the mortise is shown in Fig. 2. 

 To the bottom or under side of each bar a 

 slip of wood, 3 inches wide and J inch 

 thick, must be screwed, as shown in 

 section at x . This forms a rebate to the 

 bar, and forms a support to the sides of 

 adjacent lights when closed down, and a 

 means of preventing the entrance of any 

 water that may find its way in between the 

 edges of the lights and the bar. It will be 

 better if the rebate is grooved along its 

 whole length, and the groove continued 

 across the edge of the boards on which the 

 bars rest. The 

 bar is shown in 

 Fig. i by B, F, 

 the light being 

 represented as 

 open, so that its 

 position and at- 

 tachment to 

 ridge and board 

 may be better 



FIG. 2. MODE OF FORMING 

 AND ATTACHING STRIPS TO 



These bars SUPPORT SIDES OK LIGHTS 

 may be inserted T0 RIDGE " 

 at distances varying from 3 feet to 4 feet 

 along the ridge, but when the length of the 

 ground vinery is determined it will be better 

 to divide the length into equal spaces, ap- 

 proximating as nearly as possible to 3 feet 

 or 4 feet, or something between them, and 

 then to form the mortises for the bars 

 accordingly. Strength and rigidity may 

 be imparted to the whole structure, and 

 the necessity for any supports for the ridge 

 between the ends obviated, by the use of 

 iron ties screwed to the under side of the 

 bars from bar to bar, as shown at G. 

 These bars may be utilised further for the 

 support of the canes, as shown in the 

 illustration. The frames must be con- 

 structed to fit the spaces between the bars, 

 and are hinged to the ridge piece as shown 



at F. The construction is simple, and as 

 the whole framing is put together with 

 screws, it may be taken to pieces at any 

 time for removal or for putting away if not 

 wanted, but it must be borne in mind that 

 the screws must be well greased before 

 insertion, otherwise their withdrawal will 

 be anything but easy. It is better to 

 rest the frame on a foundation of bricks, 

 placed on a trench taken out for them in 

 the soil. Three rows of bricks placed end 

 to end under ends and sides will be suffi- 

 cient, or even two, as shown in Fig. I. 

 They must be put together so as to "break 

 bond " that is to say, the ends of two 

 bricks in the top row must meet in the 

 middle of each brick in the row below ; no 

 mortar need be used. In a ground vinery 

 of this kind, if it be from 20 feet to 30 feet 

 long, four vines may be- planted, one in 

 each corner, and the canes brought in 

 parallel lines towards the centre ; or, if 

 preferred, two vines may be planted in the 

 centre of the frame, and the canes led 

 towards the ends. In the winter, before 

 the vines begin to grow again, these 

 vineries may be utilised for lettuces, &c. 

 The lights, when open, must be supported 

 by iron stays. It is difficult to imagine a 

 more useful kind of frame in which grape 

 growing can be carried on and winter 

 salading always secured, and it is a matter 

 for wonder that they have dropped, as it 

 were, out of use. Possibly the mention of 

 them here may tend to their revival, espe- 

 cially among amateur gardeners. 



Violet (nat. orcL Viola'cese). 



This flower, the emblem of the Bona- 

 parte family, is held in the highest estima- 

 tion for its exquisite and delicate perfume. 

 The common violet, Viola odoiata, is a 

 native of our own island. It is found wild, 

 both purple and white. White violets are 

 generally found in calcareous soils. The 

 pansy or heartsease ( V. tricolor), with 



