MAN'S COUSINS THE APES 47 



then the female, and finally they are transmitted to the 

 young. The extra brightness in the young, then, is to 

 be regarded not as an incipient, but as an ancestral 

 character in process of elimination. 



As a rule, among the Mammals at any rate, brilliant 

 coloration and weapons of offence are not associated in 

 the same animal. The Baboons, and the Mandrill in 

 particular, are exceptions, for these animals are provided 

 with most formidable " tusks," the canines of both upper 

 and lower jaws being of great size, and opposed one to 

 another in such a way that they wear away to form 

 sharp, angular cutting-edges, more murderous than the 

 fangs of the Tiger. 



Reference has been made already to the existence of 

 large sound resonators for the purpose of increasing the 

 volume of the voice in the Orang, Gorilla and Chim- 

 panzee. Some of the Gibbons are also well provided in 

 this direction. But the most striking instances of the 

 kind are furnished by the Orang, and the monkeys known 

 as Howlers. In these last the base of the hyoid, as the 

 skeleton for the support of the tongue is called, is fashioned 

 into a deep bony cup, which has the effect of intensifying 

 the volume of the voice to a most surprising extent. But 

 more than this, apparently for the protection of this bony 

 voice-bowl the upright branches of the lower jaw have 

 become remarkably deepened, and widened, a correlation 

 of growth between unrelated parts which is fraught with 

 deep significance. " Terrific," " terrible " and " harrow- 

 ing " are terms which have been used by travellers like 

 Bates, Belt and Wallace in describing the cavernous roar 

 of these animals, a roar which will easily carry two miles. 

 It would seem that these vocal efforts are not mere! 



