144 EVOLU Tl ON A ND D OGMA . 



Regarding animals, the testimony elicited is as 

 interesting as it is apparently conclusive. Thus, a 

 collection of shells has been unearthed in the house 

 of a painter in Pompeii, and all of them, even in their 

 minutest details, are identical with shells of the same 

 species now existing. As Pompeii was buried in 

 ashes A. D. 79, we have, therefore, certain proof that 

 the shells of the species in question have undergone 

 no change during the last eighteen hundred years. 

 The anatomical descriptions given by Galen of the 

 monkeys which he dissected in Alexandria, in the 

 second century of our era, enabled Camper not only 

 to recognize the species to which they belonged, but 

 to affirm that the species had, during the long period 

 elapsed, remained perfectly immutable. Aristotle, 

 who lived in the fourth century B. C., has left us ac- 

 counts of many marine and terrestrial animals, and 

 so accurate is he in his statements that naturalists 

 are able to assert positively, that the species described 

 have undergone no change during the long centuries 

 which have intervened between the days of the Stag- 

 irite and our own. 



But the monuments of the Nile valley permit 

 us to extend our observations far beyond the times 

 of Galen and Aristotle. In the numerous paintings, 

 sculptures and bas-reliefs of this marvelous land, we 

 have to hand an astonishing mass of evidence and 

 apparently of such a character as to satisfy the ob- 

 jections of even the most critical and skeptical. 



Egyptian Mummies. 



The attention of the scientific world was first 

 directed to the value of these monuments in the 



