LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



Figures Page 



163 Ditching "A'! for finishing small laterals 264 



1 64 Canvas dam 264 



165 Canvas dam in use in beet field 265 



166 Metal dam or tappoon 266 



167 Small box culvert 266 



168 Small box culvert 266 



169 Furrow irrigation of garden crops 267 



170 Flooding from field laterals without furrows 268 



171 Flooding from ditch running down the slope 269 



172 Location of drains to intercept seepage water 270 



1 73 The road of the pioneers 274 



174 The pioneers' road macadamized 275 



175 Pioneer wooden culvert in road 300 



1 76 Stone culvert 301 



177 Cement culvert with wing walls 302 



178 Behavior of a hard and a yielding surface under wheel 



pressure 304 



179 Macadam road cross section 305 



180 Roadway made of 8 inches of gravel on peat 305 



181 Road with side ditches with vertical outer edges 306 



182 Road made with reversible road machine 306 



183 Road with rounded ditches 307 



184 Roadway with rounded ditch and with ditch with 



vertical outer edge 307 



185 Roadside ditches made with slush scraper 308 



186 Rudely constructed ditches on both sides of a high fill. . 308 



187 Road along drainage canal using earth ridge as roadway 308 



1 88 Road along side of hill without proper provision for drain- 



age 309 



189 Properly drained road along hillside .^ 309 



190 Properly graded and drained road along side of hill. ... 310 



191 Culvert placed in road on hillside 310 



192 Drain tiles laid under middle of roadway 311 



193 Drain tile laid under each side of roadway 311 



194 Use of drain tile to intercept water on upper side of 



roadway 311 



195 Location of ditch draining a road and adjacent farms. . 312 



196 A grade across peaty land 313 



197 A heavy grade built across a marsh 313 



198 Railroad plow used for road work 314 



198a Reversible road machine doing its own plowing 314 



199 Reversible road machine moving a furrow-slice toward 



the center of the road 315 



200 Reversible road machine carrying dirt from deep road- 



side ditch toward center of road 316 



201 Reversible road machine cutting away bank to widen an 



old road - 317 



202 Elevating-grader 318 



203 Elevating-grader 318 



