SUBDUING THE LAND 



clearing the land of shrubs and of brush left from fallen 

 trees. In this, as in other operations of clearing, there is 

 use for skill and judgment as well as for an abundance 

 of brawn. For the heavy work of drawing together logs, 

 a team, preferably one experienced in logging, and an 

 equipment of chains, canthooks, etc., are very necessary; 

 while human muscle, coupled with skill and tact, are 



Figure 45. A useful form of windlass or capstan stump puller. 



also required for rapid and thoroughgoing work. It is 

 necessary to precede the skidding of logs with some ax 

 work, in case of recently felled trees or tops from which 

 the branches have not yet rotted; and following the 

 skidding, the ax and brush scythe are used to remove the 

 shrubs and trees which are too small to require grubbing. 

 Where not too remote, and where herding or fencing 

 can be arranged, sheep and goats may sometimes be 

 employed in brushing the lands, provided it is not im- 

 portant to get the land immediately tinder the plow. 



