164 FARM DEVELOPMENT 



into the ditches or has been washed in, that the water 

 may move quickly out of all low places, thus allowing 

 the soil to dry out for early planting in 

 that cold climate. 



In Figure 72, dotted lines show tile drains 

 on a large flat area, in a moderately open 

 subsoil, in a region where the rainfall is 30 

 inches per annum. In case wet years show 

 the need in given areas, additional drains 

 pin ig us r ed 65 to ma a rk can ^ e ^^ between those provided in this 

 chafing **#? * P lan - At A and B are tile drains under 

 the center of the roadbed in the flat 

 area. These connect with the main tile ditch at X. 



Figure 73 shows the plan used in draining a tract of 

 480 acres in Iroquois county, Illinois, 

 which is generally level, but was, be- 

 fore drainage, diversified to some extent by 

 ponds which contained water during six 

 months of the year. The grades upon 

 which the drains were laid were, in some 

 cases, one-half inch to 100 feet, varying 

 from this to two inches to 100 feet. The 

 object of drainage was to fit the land at a 

 minimum of expense for the production of 

 hay and grains of various kinds. It should 

 be observed that the drains were staked 

 out in a systematic manner. As shown on 

 the plan (Figure 73), each line is designated 

 by some name by which it is distinguished 

 from others. Its length, as well as its junc- 

 tion with other lines, is indicated by the 



. . , sections alternately 



station number or the number of feet from red and white. 

 the outlet point, in each case. This plan 

 also illustrates various methods of location and arrange- 

 ment of drains ordinarily required. The drains of this tract 

 have been in successful operation for fourteen years, with 



