DRAINAGE 



211 



may be backed up near to the ditch. Where the 

 ground is solid, the eveners may be carried on the front 

 wheels of a wagon, or better still,' by means of the hind 

 wheels of the wagon, supplied with a tongue. The hind 

 wheels being larger can be backed up more easily. One 

 man can some- 

 times do this 

 work, but a 

 second man is 

 usually neces- 

 sary to drive the 

 team, at least 

 until it is taught 

 to turn and back 

 at command. A 

 specially con- 

 structed scraper, 

 as shown in 

 Figure 107, with 

 a long tongue, 

 can also be used 

 in filling a ditch 

 by having the 

 team on the op- 

 posite side of 

 the ditch from 

 the ridge of ex- 

 cavated earth. 

 Some reversible 

 road machines 

 are so built that 

 they can be used 



to fill the ditch very cheaply, as shown in Figure 108. 

 Before filling with team power, the tiles should be 

 covered by a workman who fills in several inches of 

 earth and treads it firmly about the tiles. 



Figure 103. Agricultural high school students laying tile 

 drains, showing how a man can get down into a narrow ditch. 



