22O 



FARM DEVELOPMENT 



often crops of valuable forage. Since the use of road 

 machines is described more in detail under the heading 



of road making, a discussion 

 of their operation will not be 

 necessary here. In Figure 

 118 is shown the cross- 

 section of a ditch made with 

 a reversible road machine 

 where it is desirable to have 

 the ditch next to a fence with 

 one side not rounded so as to 

 be crossed with teams and im- 

 plements. The side next to 

 the fence can be left nearly 

 vertical, as at A; it can be 

 made slanting, as shown by the 

 dotted line, B ; or, if it is de- 

 sired even thus close to the 

 fence, it can be made rounded 

 as at the dotted line, C. The 

 earth taken from the ditch can 



Figure 114. General plan of a siH K p Ipft in p cViarr* rirlcrp ac af 



well, two branch tiles entering and DC I6lt ln a Snarp HOgC, aS at 



main discharging. The silt accumu- "pv . t ft-irnixm -i-irv infr% o 



lating at O by settling in the nearly U , Can DC mrOWH Up intO a 

 quiet water should be cleaned out as A A 4. T7 



required, lifting the stone, X, for that rounded lOrm, as at r ', OT Can 



even be smoothed down by 



carrying it back on the adjacent land, as at E. This 

 class of machine is not adapted to making very heavy 

 ditches, though, in many cases, 

 the upper portion of the ditch 

 may be opened by means of 

 the road machine. 



The elevating grader is very 

 useful in opening large drainage canals. This machine 

 does heavy work at a comparatively low cost per cubic 

 yard of earth handled. 



Ditching plow. A very strongly constructed plow 



Figure 115. Drag or slush scraper. 



