248 FARM DEVELOPMENT 



in from the adjacent streams and lake, it can be drained 

 by draining it into a pit and pumping out the water, as 

 shown in Figure 144. The drainage is accomplished by 

 means of a system of tile drains M and N, or N (Figure 

 143) can be an open drain, all leading to the pit, O, 

 from which the engine at W can raise the water a few 

 feet and discharge it into the lake (as shown at W, 

 Figure 143), across the road embankment, which keeps 

 the water out of the low area, or send it through a pipe 

 (as shown at L, Figure 144), to the crown of the low 



Figure 144. E, pumping engine; T, pit into which drains discharge, and from which 

 irrigation water is pumped; B, bridge across stream; S, roadway; N, open ditch along 

 roadway; X, embankment confining the stream; L, line of pipe, through which irriga- 

 tion water is carried to fields. 



hill at K, K, K, where it can be spread out through open 

 ditches and used for irrigating fields, F, E. C and G. 

 When the drainage ditches from fields H and I do not 

 supply water for irrigation, water can be pumped from 

 the lake or from the stream, P, P. 



Farm irrigation schemes. The layout of a farm which 

 is to be irrigated is often a more complicated engineer- 

 ing proposition than the organization of a farm in a 

 climate where the natural rainfall is depended upon. 

 The main field supply ditches often are the best field 

 boundaries. A system of ditches, furrows, check sys- 

 tem embankments and ditch openings must be de- 



