308 



FARM DEVELOPMENT 



canal on one side of a roadway, the earth excavated from 

 the canal having been used for the roadbed. At Figure 

 188 is shown a hillside road improperly made, in which 

 the water flowing from the upper side of the hill enters 



the road and follows down 

 the wheel tracks, washing 

 out a ditch in the center of 

 the roadway. In Figure 



Figure 185. Awkward roadside ditches l8 9 this Same TOad is 

 made with- drag or slush scraper. shown with ditch On the 



upper side, paved with cobblestone or other material 

 which will not be displaced by the running water. It is 

 sometimes necessary at short intervals down the hill to 

 have the ditch from the upper side of the road cross 

 the crown of the road to 

 carry the water across the 

 roadway, as in Figure 190. 

 By this means the water 

 accumulating in the ditch 

 on the upper side of the 

 roadbed is carried across 



and discharged on the lower side, thus avoiding a large 

 ditch, which would be necessary to carry the water ac- 

 cumulating along the upper side of the roadbed on 



a long hillside. In case of 

 very important roadways, 

 where these cross drains 

 would be objectionable be- 

 cause of making uneven 



Figure 187. Cross-section of drainage plaCCS in the HnC of the 



canal along a roadway with earth ridge t 



used as a roadway. grade, the water may be 



carried across the road by means of sewer or drain tiles 

 used as sewers to carry the water beneath the crown of 

 the road, as in Figure 191. Figure 192 shows a tile drain 

 under the center of the roadway, and Figure 193 a tile 

 drain under each roadside ditch. Figure 194 shows a 



Rude ditches on both sldes 



