78 URINARY ORGANS. 



Each one is divisible into lobes, and by a slight maceration 

 may be reduced into lobules and small granulations. The ex- 

 ternal part is rather more consistent and yellow than the in- 

 ternal. The granulations seem to have an intimate connexion 

 with the veins, as they are easily penetrated by fluid injections 

 from the latter. 



Alleged excretory ducts for these bodies have been found 

 going to the testicles, to the. pelvis of the kidneys, and to the 

 thoracic duct, but no weight is now attached to such asser- 

 tions. 



Of the Bladder. 



The Bladder (Vesica Ur in aria,) is the reservoir for the urine, 

 and is placed in the pelvis, just behind the symphysis of the 

 pube's. When pressed upon, as it commonly is, by the adja- 

 cent viscera, it is flattened somewhat before and behind; but 

 removed from the body and inflated, it is an elongated sphere 

 or an oval; the greatest diameter of which is vertical, in regard 

 to the linea ileo-pectinea. The superior end of the bladder is 

 -called the upper fund us, and the lower end the inferior fundus; 

 the latter is rather more obtuse than the other; and between 

 the two is the body. The neck of the bladder is its place of 

 junction with the urethra. The form of the bladder is influ- 

 enced by age and by sex; in very young infants it is cylindroid, 

 and owing to the smallness of the pelvis, rises up almost wholly 

 into the abdomen. In the adult woman, who has frequently 

 borne children, it is nearly spherical, has its greatest diameter 

 transverse,* and is more capacious than in man. 



The bladder is bounded in front by the pubes, above by the 

 small intestine, behind by the rectum, and below by the pro- 

 state gland and the vesicuke seminales. From its superior end 

 there proceeds to the umbilicus a kmg conical ligament, the 

 Hrachas, which is placed between the linea alba and the peri- 

 toneum, and produces a slight elevation or doubling of the lat- 

 ter. In mankind, trie urachus is solid;- some very rare case?, 

 however, are reported, in which it has been hollow, so as to 

 permit the urine to flow through it from the bladder. This vU 



* H. Cloquet, Anat^ De=cri|\ 



