222 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 



which goes transversely to the broad muscles of the abdomen; 

 while the other two descepd between the oblique and trans- 

 verse muscles towards the crest of the ilium, where they anas- 

 tomose with the lumbar arteries, and with the circumflexa iliu 



SECT. V. OF THE BRAIflCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA. 



The Phrenic Arteries (Arteries Phreniccc) are two in num- 

 ber, one for the right and the other for the left side of the dia- 

 phragm. They arise singly, but sometimes by a common trunk, 

 from the front of the aorta, immediately on the latter showing 

 itself in the abdomen, between the crura of the diaphragm; 

 consequently, just below the crossing of the muscular fibres, 

 which takes place between the foramen for the aorta and that 

 for the oesophagus. 



The phrenic arteries ascend along the lesser muscle of the 

 diaphragm, and give some ramifications to it arid to the capsulae 

 renales. They then divide each into two leading trunks, which 

 are distributed over the diaphragm, principally on its concave 

 surface. Some small ramifications from them go to the liver 

 and to the lower part of the oesophagus. 



The two phrenic arteries anastomose with each other: also, 

 with the superior phrenics, coming from the internal mammary; 

 and with the intercostals. Sometimes one or both of them come 

 from the cceliac artery, or its branches. 



The Cceliac Artery (Jlrteria Cceliaca) is the next branch of 

 the abdominal aorta, and arises immediately below the phrenics, 

 between the pillars of the diaphragm, opposite the junction of 

 the last dorsal with the first lumbar vertebra. It is a very large 

 trunk, and goes off at right angles, being placed between the 

 left lobe of the liver and the superior margin of the pancreas. 

 When it is only half an inch long, it is split into three trunks, 

 the Gastric, the Hepatic and the Splenic; this division is the 

 Tripus Halleri. 



The Gastric Artery (Jlrteria Gastrica, Coronaria Ventri- 

 uli) is the smallest of the three trunks, and frequently arises- 

 from one of the others. It advances forwards and towards the 



