x CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XX. 



FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD. 



General arrangement of the cerebro-spinal axis Membranes of the encephalon and spinal cord Cephalo-rachidian 

 fluid Physiological anatomy of the spinal cord Direction of the fibres after they have penetrated the cord by the 

 roots of the spinal nerves General properties of the spinal cord Action of the spinal cord as a conductor Trans- 

 mission of motor stimulus in the cord Decussation of the motor conductors of the cord Transmission of sen- 

 sory impressions in the cord The white substance of the posterior columns does not conduct sensory impres- 

 sions Action of the gray matter as a conductor Probable function of the cord in connection with muscular co- 

 ordination Decussation of the sensory conductors of the cord Summary of the action of the cord as a conductor 

 Action of the spinal cord as a nerve-centre Movements in decapitated animals Definition and applications 

 of the term " reflex " Reflex action of the spinal cord Question of sensation and volition in frogs after decapita- 

 tionCharacter of movements following irritation of the surface in decapitated animals Dispersion of impres- 

 sions in the cord Conditions essential to the manifestation of reflex phenomena Exaggeration of reflex excita- 

 bility by decapitation, poisoning with strychnine, etc. Reflex phenomena observed in the human sub- 

 jectj Page 666 



CHAPTER XXI. 



THE ENCEPHALIC GANGLIA. 



Physiological divisions of the encephalon Weight of different parts of the brain and of the entire encephalon Some 

 points in the physiological anatomy of the encephalon and its connections The cerebrum General properties of 

 the cerebrum Functions of the cerebrum Extirpation of the cerebrum in the lower animals Pathological facts 

 bearing upon the functions of the cerebrum Comparative development of the cerebrum in the lower animals 

 Development of the cerebrum in different races of men and in different individuals Location of the faculty of artic- 

 ulate language in a restricted portion of the anterior cerebral lobes The cerebellum Some points in the physio- 

 logical anatomy of the cerebellum Course of the fibres in the cerebellum General properties of the cerebellum- 

 Functions of the cerebellum Extirpation of the cerebellum in animals Pathological facts bearing upon the func- 

 tions of the cerebellum Connection of the cerebellum with the generative function Development of the cerebel- 

 lum in the lower animals Ganglia at the base of the encephalon Corpora striata Optic thalami Tubercula 

 quadrigemina, or optic lobes Ganglion of the tuber annulare Medulla oblongata Physiological anatomy of the 

 medulla oblongata Functions of the medulla oblongata Connection of the medulla oblongata with respiration- 

 Vital point Connection of the medulla oblongata with various reflex acts Rolling and turning movements fol- 

 lowing injury of certain parts of the encephalon General properties of the peduncles, 688 



CHAPTER XXII. 



SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM-SLEEP. 



General arrangement of the sympathetic system Peculiarities in the intimate structure of the sympathetic ganglia 

 and nerves General properties of the sympathetic ganglia and nerves Functions of the sympathetic system 

 Vaso-motor nerves Reflex phenomena operating through the sympathetic system Trophic centres and nerves 

 (so called) Sleep General considerations Condition of the organism during sleep Dreams Reflex mental phe- 

 nomena during sleep Condition of the brain and nervous system during sleep Theories of sleep Anaesthesia 

 and sleep produced by pressure upon the carotid arteries Differences between natural sleep and stupor or 

 coma Regeneration of the brain-substance during sleep Theory that sleep is due to a want of oxygen Condi- 

 tion of the various functions of the organism during sleep, 729 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



SPECIAL SENSES TOUCH, OLFACTION, AND GUSTATION. 



General characters of the special senses Muscular sense (so called) Appreciation of weight Sense of touch Varia- 

 tions in tactile sensibility in different parts Table of variations measured by the sesthesiometer Connection 

 between the variations in tactile sensibility and the distribution of the tactile corpuscles Titillation Apprecia- 

 tion of temperature Venereal sense Olfaction Nasal fossae Schneiderian and olfactory membrane Physio- 

 logical anatomy of the olfactory nerves Olfactory bulbs Olfactory cells and terminations of the olfactory nerve- 

 fibres Properties and functions of the olfactory nerves Mechanism of olfaction Relations of olfaction to the 

 sense of taste Reflex acts through the olfactory nerves Gustation Savory substances Relations between 

 gustation and olfaction Taste and flavor Modifications of the sense of taste Nerves of taste Chorda tympani 

 Facial paralysis with impairment of taste Paralysis of general sensibility of the tongue without impairment of 

 taste Glosso-pharyngeal nerve (first division of the eighth nerve) Physiological anatomy General properties 

 of the glosso-pharyngeal Relations of the glosso-pharyngeal nerves to gustation Mechanism of gustation 

 Physiological anatomy of the organ of taste Papilte of the tongue Taste-buds, or taste-beakers Connections 

 of the nerves with the organs of taste, 749 



