CONTENTS. ix 



Vocal chords Muscles of the larynx Mechanism of the production of the voice Appearance of the glottis 

 during ordinary respiration Movements of the glottis during phonation Variations in the quality of the voice 

 depending upon differences in the size and form of the larynx and the vocal chords Action of the intrinsic 

 muscles of the larynx in phonation Action of the accessory vocal organs Mechanism of the different vocal 

 registers Mechanism of speech The phonograph, Page 522 



CHAPTER XVII. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVISIONS, STRUCTURE, AND GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE 



NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



General considerations Divisions of the nervous system Physiological anatomy of the nervous tissue Anatomical 

 divisions of the nervous tissue Medullated nerve-fibres Simple, or non-medullated nerve-fibres Gelatinous 

 nerve-fibres (fibres of Remak) Accessory anatomical elements of the nerves Branching and course of the nerves 

 Termination of the nerves in the muscular tissue Termination of the nerves in glands Terminations of the 

 sensory nerves Corpuscles of Pacini, or of Vater Tactile corpuscles Terminal bulbs Structure of the nerve- 

 centres Nerve-cells Connection of the cells with the fibres and with each other Accessory anatomical elements 

 of the nerve-centres Composition of the nervous substance Eegeneration of the nervous tissue Reunion of 



nerve-fibres Motor and sensory nerves Distinct seat of the motor and sensory properties of the spinal nerves 



Experiments of Magendie upon the roots of the spinal nerves Properties of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves 

 Properties of the anterior roots of the spinal nerves Eecurrent sensibility Mode of action of the motor nerves 

 Associated movements Mode of action of the sensory nerves Sensation in amputated members General prop- 

 erties of the nerves Nervous irritability Different means employed for exciting the nerves Disappearance of 

 the irritability of the motor and sensory nerves after exsection Nerve-force Rapidity of nervous conduction 

 Estimation of the duration of acts involving the nerve-centres Action of electricity upon the nerves Induced 

 muscular contraction Galvanic current from the exterior to the cut surface of a nerve Effects of a constant gal- 

 vanic current upon the nervous irritability Electrotonus, anelectrotonus, and catelectrotonus Neutral point- 

 Negative variation, 563 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



SPINAL NERVES-MOTOR CRANIAL NERVES. 



Special nerves coming from the spinal cord Cranial nerves Anatomical classification Physiological classification 

 Motor oculi communis (third nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and functions Influence upon the 

 movements of the iris Patheticus, or trochlearis (fourth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and func- 

 tionsMotor oculi externus, or abducens (sixth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and functions- 

 Motor nerves of the face Nerve of mastication (the small, or motor root of the fifth) Physiological anatomy 

 Deep origin Distribution Properties and functions of the nerve of mastication Facial nerve, or nerve of 

 expression (the portio dura of the seventh) - Physiological anatomy Intermediary nerve of Wrisberg Decus- 

 sation of the fibres of origin of the facial Alternate paralysis Course and distribution of the facial Anasto- 

 moses with sensitive nerves Properties and functions of the facial Functions of the branches of the facial 

 within the aqueduct of Fallopius Functions of the chorda tympani Influence of various branches of the facial 

 upon the movements of the palate and uvula Functions of the external branches of the facial Spinal accessory 

 nerve (third division of the eighth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and functions of the spinal ac- 

 cessoryFunctions of the internal branch from the spinal accessory to the pneumogastric Influence of the 

 spinal accessory upon the heart Functions of the external, or muscular branch of the spinal accessory Sub- 

 lingual, or hypoglossal nerve (ninth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and functions of the sublin- 

 gual Glosso-labial paralysis, 606 



CHAPTER XIX. 



SENSORY CRANIAL NERVES. 



Trifacial, or trigeminal nerve Physiological anatomy of the trifacial Properties and functions of the trifacial Divi- 

 sion of the trifacial within the cranal cavity Immediate effects of division of the trifacial Remote effects of 

 division of the trifacial Division of the trifacial before and behind the ganglion of Gasser Communication with 

 the sympathetic at the ganglion of Gasser Explanation of the phenomena of disordered nutrition after division 

 of the trifacial Cases of paralysis of the trifacial in the human subject Pneumogastric nerve (second division of 

 the eighth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and functions of the pneumogastric General propt-rti<-> f 

 the roots Properties and functions of the auricular nerves Properties and functions of the pharyngeal nerves 

 Properties and functions of the superior laryngeal nerves Properties and functions of the inferior, or recurrent 

 laryngeal nerves Properties and functions of the cardiac nerves, and influence of the pm-umo-rastrics upon the 

 circulation Depressor-nerve of the circulation Properties and functions of the pulmonary branches, and influ- 

 ence of the pneumogastrics upon respiration Properties and functions of the resophageal nerves Properties and 

 functions of the abdominal branches, 684 



