viii CONTENTS. 



erties of the urine Quantity, specific gravity, and reaction of the urine Composition of the urine Gases of 

 the urine Variations in the composition of the urine Variations produced by food Urina potus, urina cibi, 

 and urina sanguinis Influence of muscular exercise upon the urine Influence of mental exertion, . Page 379 



CHAPTER XIII. 



FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER. 



Physiological anatomy of the liver Distribution of the portal vein, the hepatic artery, and the hepatic duct- 

 Origin and course of the hepatic veins Structure of a lobule of the liver Arrangement of the bile-ducts in 

 the lobules Anatomy of the excretory biliary passages Nerves and lymphatics of the liver Mechanism of 

 the secretion and discharge of bile Quantity of bile Variations in the flow of the bile Discharge of bile from 

 the gall-bladder General properties of the bile Composition of the bile Origin of the biliary salts Choles- 

 terine Biliverdine Tests for bile Excretory function of the liver Origin of cholesterine Experiments show- 

 ing the passage of cholesterine into the blood as it circulates through the brain Elimination of cholesterine by 

 the liver Cholestersemia- Production of sugar in the liver Evidences of a glycogenic function in the liver- 

 Does the liver contain sugar during life ? Mechanism of the production of sugar by the liver Glycogenic mat- 

 ter Variations in the glycogenic function Production of sugar in foetal life Influence of digestion and of differ- 

 ent kinds of food upon glycogenesis Influence of the nervous system, etc., upon glycogenesis Artificial dia- 

 betes Destination of sugar Alleged production of fat by the liver Changes in the albuminoid and the corpus- 

 cular elements of the blood in their passage through the liver, 431 



CHAPTER XIV. 



THE DUCTLESS GLANDS. 



Probable office of the ductless glands Anatomy of the spleen Fibrous structure of the spleen (trabecute) Malpi- 

 ghian bodies Spleen -pulp Vessels and nerves of the spleen Some points in the chemical constitution of the 

 spleen State of our knowledge concerning the functions of the spleen Variations in the volume of the spleen 

 Extirpation of the spleen Anatomy of the suprarenal capsules Cortical substance Medullary substance 

 Vessels and nerves Chemical reactions of the suprarenal capsules State of our knowledge concerning 

 the functions of the suprarenal capsules Extirpation of the suprarenal capsules Addison's disease Anatomy 

 of the thyroid gland State of our knowledge concerning the functions of the thyroid gland Anatomy of the 

 thymus Pituitary body and pineal gland, 472 



CHAPTER XV. 



NUTRITION ANIMAL HEAT. 



Nature of the forces involved in nutrition Definition of vital properties Life, as represented in development and 

 nutrition Principles which pass through the organism Principles consumed in the organism Development of 

 power and endurance by exercise (training) Formation and deposition of fat Conditions under which fat exists 

 in the organism Physiological anatomy of adipose tissue Conditions which influence nutrition Products of 

 disassimilation Animal heat Limits of variation in the normal temperature in man Variations with external 

 temperature Variations in different parts of the body Variations at different periods of life Diurnal variations 

 Eelations of animal heat to digestion Influence of defective nutrition and inanition Influence of exercise, 

 mental exertion, and the nervous system, upon the heat of the body-^Sources of animal heat Connection of the 

 production of heat with nutrition Seat of the production of animal heat Eelations of animal heat to the different 

 processes of nutrition Eelations of animal heat to respiration Exaggeration of the animal temperature in par- 

 ticular parts after division of the sympathetic nerve and in inflammation Intimate nature of the calorific pro- 

 cesses Equalization of the animal temperature, 436 



CHAPTER XVI. 



MOVEMENTS VOICE AND SPEECH. 



Amorphous contractile substance Ciliary movements Movements due to elasticity Varieties of elastic tissue 

 Muscular movements Physiological anatomy of the involuntary muscles Mode of contraction of the invol- 

 untary muscular tissue Physiological anatomy of the voluntary muscles Fibrous and adipose tissue in the 

 voluntary muscles Connective tissue Blood-vessels and lymphatics of the muscular tissue Connection of 

 the muscles with the tendons Chemical composition of the muscles Physiological properties of the mus- 

 cles Muscular contractility, or irritability Muscular contraction Changes in the form of the muscular 

 fibres during contraction Secousse, Ziickung, or spasm Mechanism of prolonged muscular contraction 

 Tetanus Electrical phenomena in the muscles Muscular effort Passive organs of locomotion Physiological 

 anatomy of the bones Marrow of the bones Medullocells Myeloplaxos Periosteum Physiological anatomy 

 of cartilage Fibro-cartilage Voice and speech Sketch of the physiological anatomy of the vocal organs 



