COMPOSITION OF THE URINE. 413 



Composition of the Human Urine. 



Water (in 24 hours, 27 to 50 fluidounces Becquerel) ...................... 967'47 to 940'36 



Urea (in 24 hours, 355 to 463 grains Robin) ............................. lo'OO u 23'00 



Uric acid, accidental, or traces .......................................... 



Urate of soda, neutral and acid ................... ^ (In 24 hours, 6 to 9 



Urate of ammonia, neutral and acid (in small quantity) | grs. of uric acid Bec- 



Urate of potassa ................................ j> querel or 9 to'l4 grs. 1-00 " 1*60 



Urate of lime ................................... of urates, estimated as 



Urate of magnesia .............................. J neut. urate of soda.) 



Hippurate of soda ............. ) (In 24 hours, about 7'5 grs. of hippuric 



Hippurate of potassa .......... > acid Thudichum equivalent to about 8*7 I'OO " 1'40 



Hippurate of lime ............. ) grs. of hippurate of soda.) 



Lactate of soda ............... \ 



Lactate of potassa ............ > (Daily quantity not estimated) ........... 1'50 " 2'60 



Lactate of lime ............... ) 



Creatine ..................... ) (In 24 hours, about 11 '5 grains of both 



Creatinine .................. \ Thudichum) ............................ 1'60 " 3*00 



Oxalate of lime (daily quantity not estimated) ............................. traces " I'lO 



Xanthine ................... , ....................................... not estimated. 



Margarine, oleine, and other fatty matters ................................ O'lO to 0'20 



Chloride of sodium (in 24 hours, about 154 grains Robin) .................. 3'00 " 8'00 



Chloride of potassium ................................................. traces. 



Hydrochlorate of ammonia ............................................. 1*50 to 2*20 



Sulphate of soda .......... } V* U hours, 23 to 38 grains of sulphuric acid 



Sulphate of potassa ....... -Thudichum. About equal part, of sulphate 



-j. /i [ of soda and sulphate of potassa Robin equiv- 



Sulphate of lime (traces). . . 



J alent to from 22'5 to 37'5 grains of each.) 



Phosphate of soda, neutral. . . . ) 



Phosphate of soda, acid ....... ( ^ ^^ n<>t e8t ' mated) ............ 



Phosphate of magnesia (in 24 hours, 7'7 to ITS grains Neubauer) .......... 0'50 " I'OO 



Phosphate of lime, acid ...... ) grains-Neubauer). . 0'20 1-80 



Phosphate of lime, basic ..... ) 



Ammonio-magnesian phosphate (daily quantity not estimated) ............... 1'50 " 2'40 



(Daily excretion of phosphoric acid, about 56 grains Thudichum.) 

 Silicic acid ........................................................... 0-03 " 0'04 



Urrosacine 



Mucus from the bladder 



1,000-00 1,000-00 



Proportion of solid constituents, from 32'63 to 59'89 parts per 1,000. 



) 



) ' 



Gases of the Urine. (Parts per 1,000, in volume.) 



Oxygen, in solution 0'90 " I'OO 



Nitrogen, in solution 7'00 " 10-00 



Carbonic acid, in solution 45 " 50*00 



Urea. As regards quantity, and probably as a measure of the activity of the general 

 process of disassimilation, urea is the most important of the urinary constituents ; and 

 this substance, with the changes which, it undergoes in the urine and the mode of its 

 production in the system, has been most carefully studied by physiologists. Regarding 

 the daily excretion of urea as a measure of nutritive force and physiological waste, its 

 consideration would come properly under the head of nutrition, in connection with all 

 other substances known to be the results of disassimilation ; but it is more convenient to 

 treat of its general physiological properties, and some of its variations in common with 

 other excrementitious principles separated by the kidneys, in connection with the com- 

 position of the urine. 



