364 ICTEROGENIC POISONOUS AGENTS. [BOOK II. 



excreted in the bile increased. To elucidate the latter fact, he injected 

 solutions of bilirubin into the veins of dogs, and found that in this 

 case also the amount of bilirubin excreted in the bile increased. 

 From these researches, Tarchanoff was led to support the theory of 

 the possibility of the origin of bilirubin within the blood itself, at 

 the expense of blood colouring matter set free. 



Vossius 1 , repeating the experiments of Tarchanoff, confirmed the 

 statement that when bilirubin is introduced into the circulation, the 

 quantity of colouring matter excreted in the bile increases, though 

 he was unable to observe this increase when haemoglobin was 

 injected. The thorough investigation of Stadeimann* on this subject 

 thoroughly confirmed, however, the fact that not only does the bilirubin 

 of the bile increase when bilirubin is introduced into the blood, but 

 also when haemoglobin is injected into it. It yet remained, how- 

 ever, to discover whether this conversion of haemoglobin into bili- 

 rubin occurs in the blood itself, and whether the process can go on 

 independently of the liver. 



Researches ^ n verv beautiful investigations on the action of 



of stadeimann, toluylendiamin, [C 6 H 3 (CH 3 )NH 2 ) 2 ] and of arseniuretted 

 Afanassiew, hydrogen 3 , Ernst Stadeimann shewed that both these 

 Minkowski and a g en ts often induce haamoglobinuria and jaundice in 

 the lower animals and that this jaundice, which is at 

 first accompanied by an increased flow of bile (polycholia), and after- 

 wards by a diminished flow (acholia), is almost certainly of hepatogenic 

 origin 4 . Subsequently Afanassiew 5 shewed that, under the influence 

 of the poisons employed by Stadeimann, there is developed inter- 

 stitial hepatitis as well as glomerulo-nephritis, and Minkowski and 

 Naunyn discovered that the polycholia which follows poisoning with 

 arseniuretted hydrogen "goes hand in hand with the appearance of 

 cells in the liver which enclose numerous blood corpuscles and with 

 the transformation of the haemoglobin which these cells contain. 

 Thus bile colouring matter is formed within the cells which enclose 

 blood corpuscles 6 ". 



1 Vossius, Quantitative spectralanalytische Bestimmung des Gallenfarbstojfes in der 

 Galle. Giessen, 1879. See also note 1, p. 367. 



2 Dr Ernst Stadeimann, ' Zur Kenntniss der Gallenstoffbildung ' (Aus dem Lab. 

 der.med. Klinik in Konigsberg). Archiv f. exp. Pathol. u. Pharmak. Vol. xv. (1882), 

 pp. 337363. 



3 The fact that jaundice occurs in cases of poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in 

 man had been long known. Naunyn, in experiments of which the results were first 

 published in Stadelmann's paper, was the first to induce icterus in the lower animals 

 by the inhalation of AsH 3 . 



4 Ernst Stadeimann, ' Toluylendiamin und seine Wirkung auf den Thierkorper,' 

 Archiv /. exp. Pathologic und Pharmak. Vol. xiv. (1881), pp. 231287 and 422450 j 

 'Die Arsenwasserstoffvergiftung,' Ibid. Vol. xvi. (1883), pp. 221 255. 



5 M. Afanassiew, ' Ueber die pathologisch-anatomischen Veranderungen in Nieren 

 und Leber bei einigen mit Hamoglobinurie und Icterus verbundenen Vergiftungen.' 

 Virchow's Archiv, Vol. xcvm. (1884), pp. 460500. 



6 0. Minkowski und B. Naunyn, ' Ueber den Icterus durch Polycholie und die 

 Vorgange in der Leber bei demselben.' Archiv f. exp. Pathol. u. Pharmak. Vol. xxi. 

 (1886), pp. I 33. Eefer to Sect. 4, ' Ueber die Vorgange in der Leber bei der 

 (Arsenwasserstoff) Polycholie (p. 1930). 



