CHAP. VI.] 



THE BILE IN DISEASE. 



367 



who gives the name of ' Hcemoglobinocholia' to this condition, has 

 found that it is set up in the rabbit when this animal is poisoned by 

 the following -substances : phenylhydrazin, toluylendiamin, the deri- 

 vatives of anilin, pyrogallol, potassium chlorate, &c. 



Vossius 1 had already twice observed the passage of haemoglobin 

 into the bile of the dog as a result of the injection of water. 

 Wertheimer and Meyer 2 likewise observed the passage of haemo- 

 globin into the bile of dogs when these animals are poisoned by 

 means of anilin and toluidin, as well as when death is induced by 

 cooling the body. It would appear, however, from the subsequent 

 researches of the authors, that the phenomena are not as constant in 

 the dog as in the rabbit 8 . The elimination, by the kidneys, of the 

 haemoglobin which has passed into solution in the liquor sanguinis 

 appears, in this animal, to be so rapid that its diffusion into the bile 

 does not occur 4 . Probably, haemoglobinocholia will be found to 

 exist in pernicious anaemia and in early stages of acute yellow 

 atrophy. 



The presence J n hyperaemia of the liver resulting from an 

 th^ue" 1111 ^ bstructed venous circulation, albumin, occasionally 

 but by no means always, is found in the bile 5 . In 

 Blight's disease and in some cases of fatty liver (?), and sometimes 

 after injection of water into the blood, the bile is said to contain 

 albumin 6 . 



The presence The bile is said often to contain large quantities of 

 bUe Uar ^ the su ar i n cases of diabetes. According to Claude Bernard 

 the injection of sugar into the blood leads to the 

 secretion of a saccharine bile. 



The presence 

 of urea in the 



Excess of urea has been found in the bile after death 

 from Bright's disease and cholera. 



The presence Leucine and tyrosine have been discovered in the 



e bile f P atients who have died from acute y ellow 

 bile atrophy of the liver. 



ungen tmd einigen anderen (blutschadigenden) Eingriffen.' Virchow's Archiv, Vol. cxvii. 

 (1889), p. 415417. 



1 Adolf Vossius, 'Bestimmungen des Gallenfarbstoffes in der Galle.' Archiv f. exp. 

 Pathologic u. Pharmak. Vol. xi. (1879) 426 et seq. 



- E. Wertheimer and E. Meyer, 'De 1'apparition de I'oxyhemoglobine dans la bile 

 et de quelques caracteres spectroscopiques normaux de ce liquide.' Archives de Physio- 

 logic, Juillet, 1889, p. 438 et seq. 



3 E. Wertheimer and E. Meyer, ' De quelques faits nouveaux relatifs au passage 

 de la matiere colorante du sang dans la bile.' Archives de Physiologic, I Avril, 1890, 

 p. 425 et seq. 



4 See a criticism of Wertheimer and Meyer's first paper by Filehne in a second 

 paper by this author entitled, 'Der Uebergang vom Hamoglobin in die Galle.' Virchow's 

 Archiv, Vol. cxxi. (1890), p. 605. 



5 Frerichs, 'Die Stauungshyperamie der Leber,' Klinik der Leberkrankheiten, Vol. i. 

 p. 372 and 373. 



6 Gautier, Chimie Biologique. Paris, 1892, p. 586. 



