CHAP. VII.] RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF GALL-STONES. 389 



SECT. 4. RESULTS OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF THE CHIEF 

 VARIETIES OF -BILIARY CALCULI. 



I. Cholesterin Calculi. 



The most complete investigations on the composition of biliary 

 calculi have been made by Ritter 1 , who for the purposes of his 

 research made a collection of 6000 specimens. 



The maximum and minimum quantities of cholesterin, organic 

 matters other than cholesterin, and mineral matters in his analyses of 

 cholesterin calculi are as follows : 



Maximum. Minimum. 



Cholesterin in 100 parts 981 64'2 



Other organic matters in 100 parts 27*4 1/5 



Mineral matters in 100 parts 8*4 0'4 



The largest amount of bilirubin found by Ritter in a cholesterin 

 calculus was 1*2 per cent. 



The following are the results of the analysis of a cholesterin 

 calculus made by v. Planta and Kekule 2 : 



Water in 100 parts 4'89 



Cholesterin 90'82 



Saponifiable fat 2*02 



Biliary colouring matter 0'20 



Mucin(?) 1-35 



Matters soluble in water 079 



Mineral matters 0*28 



II. Bilirubin-calcium Calculi. 



In a bilirubin-calcium calculus (human), Ritter found traces of 

 cholesterin, 75'2 per cent, of organic matters and 24*8 per cent, of 

 mineral matters. 



The following analyses exhibit the composition of a bilirubin- 

 calcium calculus of the ox, made by Maly 3 . 



Bilirubin in 100 parts 2810 



Fatty matters 5 '2 8 



Matters soluble in water 18'09 



Phosphates and earths combined with bilirubin 1-41 



Insoluble matters and loss 4713 



1 Hitter, Journal de VAnatomie et de la Physiologic, 1872, pp. 60 and 181. Comptes 

 Rendus, Vol. LXXIV. (1872), p. 813. 



2 v. Planta and Kekule, Annalen d. Chem. u. Pharm. Vol. LXXXVII. p. 367. 



3 E. Maly, ' Zusammensetzung der Ochsengallensteine,' Jahresb. d. Thier-Chemie, 

 Vol. iv. (1875), pp. 310312. 



