23G ANALYSES OF LYMPH, CHYLE, &C. [BOOK I. 



In 12 analyses made by Hoppe-Seyler the solid matters of the 

 liquid of hydrocele varied between 41 '4 and 80'2 and the proteids 

 between 29 5 and 65 parts per 1000. 



Cerebro-spi- In cases of spina bifida and chronic hydrocephalus 



nai Liquid. large accumulations of liquid occur, which presents a 

 close resemblance to normal cerebro-spinal liquid. The liquid is 

 clear, has a low specific gravity, and contains usually from 10 13 

 parts of solid matters per 1000. 



Sugar has been described as a normal constituent of cerebro- 

 spinal liquid, or at least a substance having a similar reducing action 

 as sugar upon cupric oxide (see p. 231). According to Hoppe-Seyler, 

 sugar is not a normal constituent of this fluid, and only occurs as 

 a result of irritation or inflammation of the brain or spinal cord. 



Cerebro-spinal liquid, when boiled, becomes opalescent, without 

 yielding a flocculent precipitate, which only separates after the 

 addition of acetic acid (Hoppe-Seyler). 



Cerebro-spinal liquid differs from other transudations in being 

 usually free from fibrinogen, and therefore not yielding a coagulum 

 of fibrin when treated with fibrin-ferment. 



Carl Schmidt found that the cerebro-spinal liquid is remarkably 

 rich in salts of potassium an observation which is well worthy 

 of being checked by fresh analyses of the liquid obtained by punc- 

 turing in cases of spina bifida. 



The following are analyses by Hoppe-Seyler of the cerebro-spinal 

 liquid, obtained by puncture, in cases of spina bifida 1 . 



ANALYSES OF THE CEEEBEO-SPINAL LIQUID, OBTAINED BY PTJNCTUKE, 

 IN TWO CASES OF SPINA BIFIDA (HOPPE-SEYLEE). 



I. II. 



1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 



Puncture. Puncture. Puncture. Puncture. Puncture. 



Water 987*49 986'88 98672 989'33 989'80 



Solid matters 12'51 1312 13'28 10'67 10'20 



Albumin T62 2'64 2'46 0'25 0'55 



Extractives \ 10'27 2'83 2'65 2'30 2'00 



Inorganic salts, soluble/ 7'52 . 8'21 7'67 7'20 



insoluble 0'25 115 0'2S 0'45 0'45 



SEC. 4. METHODS OF ANALYSING LYMPH, CHYLE, AND OTHER 

 TRANSUDATIONS NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL. 



The methods of investigation are precisely similar to those 

 pursued in the analyses of liquor sanguinis and serum (see p. 187 

 et seq.}, with the exception of the estimation of fibrinogen. 



The amount of fibrin which separates spontaneously may be 



1 Hoppe-Seyler, Physiologische Chemie, p. 001. 



