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1.1 to 2.7 ppm arsenic, compared to the control animal at 0.81 ppm 

 arsenic, therefore the 2.7 ppm value has not been included in the 

 background range. Edwards and Clay (1979) found a range of 0.11 

 to 0.55 ppm (mean .36 ppm) in 10 control cows they sampled. Lewis 

 (1972) found no arsenic in the hair of nonexposed horses he 

 studied. Puis (1981) has reported a normal range of arsenic 

 concentration in cattle hair of 0.5 to 3.0 ppm. 



Cattle and horses exposed to industrial pollution have been 

 found to have elevated arsenic levels in the hair. Orheim et al . 

 (1974) reported values of 3.7 to 19.0 ppm arsenic in cattle 

 exposed to smelter emissions. Cattle poisoned from arsenic in 

 feed and water (mining waste) exhibited hair arsenic values of 6.3 

 to 21.0 ppm with a mean of 13.6 ppm (Bergeland et al . 1976). 

 Cattle consuming 5.5 ppm arsenic in feed suffered acute toxicosis 

 and were found to have 0.80 to 3.40 ppm arsenic in their hair 

 (Riviere et al. 1981). Bergeland et al. (1976) reported 

 subclinical poisoning ("unthrifty") in cattle exhibiting hair 

 arsenic concentrations as low as 2.4 ppm. 



Insufficient data exist on normal arsenic levels in wool or 

 horse hair to properly interpret concentrations produced by 

 chronic low level arsenic exposure. It has been shown that the 

 amount of arsenic in human hair increases with age and that sex 

 may have some influence on concentrations observed (Ohmori et al . 

 1975) . To what degree these parameters affect arsenic in live- 

 stock hair is not well documented. The literature suggests that 

 arsenic levels in hair above 3.5 ppm may indicate exposure to some 

 arsenic source and that levels above 2 ppm are suspect. An 

 investigation by Edwards and Clay (1979) indicated that arsenic 

 levels in cattle hair can be expected to return to normal levels 

 one year after exposure has ceased. Individual variations among 

 animals may make large group analyses necessary if one assumes 

 that the variations in arsenic levels in livestock hair are 

 similar to those observed in humans (Bencko and Symon 1977). 



Urine, blood and milk arsenic data for livestock are not 

 commonly found in the literature. Peoples (1964) found arsenic 

 acid was eliminated in the urine of dairy cattle in proportion to 



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