._':'; 0141621 



lead and cadmium. Thus, the suggested horse hair arsenic hazard 

 level represents a level of excessive exposure based on a very 

 limited amount of data. It should be used with caution. 



2.1.2.3 Toxic arsenic hazard levels for sheep 



The toxic blood and urine arsenic concentrations for sheep 

 were reported as >5 ppm and >100 ppm , respectively (Puis 1981) 



(Table 7) . Values for blood and urine (14.5 ppm and 341 ppm) in 

 two related studies by Shar iatpanahi and Anderson (1984a, 1984b) 

 generally supported the toxic concentrations reported by Puis 



(1981). No additional support was found in the literature. 



Sheep kidney and liver toxic arsenic concentrations of >7 ppm 

 and >8 ppm, respectively were based on data from Bucy et al . 



(1955). They found similar toxic effects produced by arsanilic 

 acid, 3N-3-Ni tr o-4-Hydr oxyphenylarsonic acid and potassium 

 arsenite at these levels. These hazard levels were in general 

 agreement with the toxic level of >10 ppm for both organs reported 

 by Puis (1981) . 



The toxic hazard level of 0.18 ppm arsenic in sheep milk was 

 based on one study (Shar iatpanahi and Anderson 1984a). Animals in 

 this study exhibited mild clinical symptoms of arsenic poisoning 



(Anderson 1985). The hazard level should be used with caution 

 until additional data are available. 



2.1.2.4 Toxic arsenic hazard levels for goats 



All toxic hazard levels for goats were based on the study of 

 Shar iatpanahi and Anderson (1984b) (Table 7). These values should 

 be used with caution until additional data are available. 



2.2 Cadmium 



2.2.1 Cadmium Literature Review 



Most experimental data regarding cadmium toxicity have 

 utilized dietary cadmium levels far exceeding those commonly found 

 in nature (Hinesly et al. 1985). Hinesly et al. (1985) concluded 

 1 ppm (dry weight) of biologically incorporated dietary cadmium 



21 



