014159b 



3.2 Cadmium in soils and plants 88 



3.2.1 Cadmium literature review 88 



3.2.2 Cadmium in soils 90 



3.2.2.1 Total cadmium in soils 90 



3.2.2.2 Extractable soil cadmium 109 



3.3.3 Cadmium in plants 109 



3.3 Lead in soils and plants 110 



3.3.1 Lead literature review 110 



3.3.2 Lead in soils 111 



3.3.2.1 Total lead in soils 111 



3.3.2.2 Extractable soil lead 116 



3.3.3 Lead in plants 117 



3.4 Zinc in soils and plants 118 



3.4.1 Zinc literature review 118 



3.4.2 Zinc in soils 228 



3.4.2.1 Total zinc in soils 118 



3.4.2.2 Extractable soil zinc 131 



3.4.3 Zinc in plants 132 



4.0 Hazard Levels for Water 134 



4.1 Water Quality Levels for Livestock 134 



4.2 Water Quality Levels for Irrigation 136 

 5.0 Regulatory Criteria From Other Technologies 138 



5.1 Criteria from Land Application of Sewage Sludge 138 



5.2 Criteria from Coal Overburden Suitability for Root 



Zone Material 143 



5.3 Criteria for Defining Hazardous Wastes 143 



5.4 Criteria for Metal Contaminants Based on Land Use 143 

 .5.5 Summary 143 



6.0 Appendix 151 



6.1 Toxicology Mechanisms of Metals for Livestock 151 



6.1.1 Arsenic toxicology 151 



6.1.2 Cadmium toxicology 153 



6.1.3 Lead toxicology 156 



6.1.4 Zinc toxicology 159 



6.2 Toxicology Mechanisms of Metals for Plants 161 



6.2.1 Arsenic toxicology 161 



6.2.2 Cadmium toxicology 163 



6.2.3 Lead toxicology 165 



6.2.4 Zinc toxicology 166 



6.3 Computerized Data Base Utilized 168 

 7.0 References Cited 174 



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