CHIEF DIVISIONS OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 51 



separated by a complete partition (diaphragm). Fore-limbs converted into 

 wings. Animal oviparous. 



Order I. Natatores (Swimmers). Ex. Penguins (Spheniscidae), 

 Gulls (Laridae), Ducks (Anatidae), Geese (Anserinae), 

 Flamingos (Phaenicopteridae). 



Order 2. Grallatores (Waders). Ex. Rails (Rallidae), Water-hens 

 (Gallinulae), Cranes (Gruidas), Herons (Ardeidae), 

 Storks (Ciconinae), Snipes and Woodcock (Scolop- 

 acidae), Plovers, Oyster-catchers, and Turnstones 

 (Charadriidae). 



Order 3. Cursores (Runners). Ex. Ostrich (Struthio), American 

 Ostrich (Rhea), Emeu (Dromaius), Cassowary (Casu- 

 arius), Apteryx. 



Order^ Rasores (Scratchers). Ex. Grouse, Ptarmigan, Par- 

 tridges, Pheasants, Turkey, Guinea-fowl, Domestic 

 Fowl, Pea-fowl (Gallinacei) ; Doves, Pigeons, Ground- 

 pigeons (Columbacei). 



Order 5. Scansores (Climbers). Ex. Cuckoos (Cuculidae), Wood- 

 peckers (Picidae), Parrots, Cockatoos, Parrakeets 

 (Psittacidae), Toucans (Rhamphastidae), Trogons 

 (Trogonidae). 



Order 6. Insessores (Perchers). Ex. Crows, Magpies, and Jays 

 (Corvidae), Starlings (Sturnidae), Finches, Grosbeaks, 

 Larks (Fringillidae), Thrushes, Blackbirds, Orioles 

 (Merulidae), Creepers and Wrens (Certhidae), Hum- 

 ming-birds (Trochilidae), Swallows and Martins 

 (Hirundinidse), Swifts (Cypselidae), King-fishers (Al- 

 cedinidae). 



Order 7. Raptores (Birds of Prey). Ex. Owls (Strigidae), Fal- 

 cons and Hawks (Falconidae), Eagles (Aquilina), Vul- 

 tures (Vulturidae). 



Order 8. Saurura (extinct). Ex. Archaeopteryx. 

 CLASS V. MAMMALIA (Mammals or Quadrupeds). Respiratory organs 

 in the form of lungs, which are never connected with air-sacs placed in 

 different parts of the body. Heart four-chambered. Blood warm. Skull 

 united to the backbone by two articulating surfaces or " condyles." Each 

 half of the lower jaw composed of a single piece. Appendages of the skin 

 in the form of hairs. Young nourished by means of a special fluid the 

 milk, secreted by special glands the mammary glands. Animal vivipa- 

 rous. 



A. NON-PLACENTAL MAMMALS. The young not provided with a 

 placenta. 



Order I. Monotremata. Ex. Duck-mole (Ornithorhynchus), Spiny 

 Ant-eater (Echidna). 



Order 2. Marsupialia. Ex. Kangaroos (Macropodidae), Kan- 

 garoo-bear (Phascolarctos), Phalangers (Phalangis- 

 tida), Opossums (Didelphidae), Tasmanian Devil 

 (Dasyurus). 



B. PLACENTAL MAMMALS. The young provided with a placenta. 



Order 3. Edentata. Ex. Sloths (Bradypodidae), Armadillos (Dasy- 

 podidae), Hairy Ant-eaters (Myrmecophagidae), Scaly 

 Ant-eaters (Manis). 



Order^ Sirenia. Ex. Manatee (Manatus), Dugong (Halicore). 



Order 5. Cetacea. Ex. Whalebone-whales (Balaenidae), Sperm- 

 whales (Physeteridae), Dolphins and Porpoises (Del- 

 phinidae). 



