52 INTRODUCTION. 



Order 6. Ungulata (Hoofed Quadrupeds). Ex. Rhinoceros; 

 Tapir ; Horse, Ass, and Zebra (Equidae) ; Hippopota- 

 mus ; Hogs and Peccaries (Suida) ; Camels and 

 Llamas (Camelidse) ; Giraffe ; Stags, Elk, Reindeer 

 (Cervidae) ; Antelopes (Antilopidae) ; Sheep and Goats 

 (Ovidse) ; Oxen and Buffaloes (Bovidae). 



Order 7. Hyracoidea. Ex. Hyrax. 



Order 8. Proboscidea. Ex. Elephants (Elephas). 



Order 9. Carnivora. Ex. Seals (Phocidae), Bears (Ursidae), 

 Racoons (Procyon), Badgers (Melidse), Weasels and 

 Otters (Mustelidae), Civets and Genettes (Viverridse), 

 Dogs, Wolves, and Foxes (Canidae) ; Hyaenas 

 (Hyaenidae), Cats, Lynxes, Leopards, Tigers, Lions 

 (Felidse). 



Order 10. Rodentia. Ex. Hares and Rabbits (Leporidae), Porcu- 

 pines (Hystricidae), Beavers (Castoridae), Mice and 

 Rats (Muridae), Dormice (Myoxidae), Squirrels and 

 Marmots (Sciuridse). 



Order II. Cheiroptera. Ex. Common Bats ( Vespertilionidae) , 

 Horseshoe-bats (Rhinolophidae), Vampire-bats (Phyl- 

 lostomidse), Fox-bats (Pteropidae). 



Order 12. Insectivora. Ex. Moles (Talpidae), Shrew-mice (Sori- 

 cidae), Hedgehogs (Erinaceidae). 



Order 13. Quadrumana. Ex. Aye-aye (Cheiromys), Lemurs (Le- 

 muridae), Spider-monkeys (Ateles), Howlers (My- 

 cetes), Macaques (Macacus), Baboons (Cynocephalus), 

 Gibbons (Hylobates), Orang (Simia), Gorilla and 

 Chimpanzee (Troglodytes). 



Order 14. Bimana. Man (Homo Sapiens). 



GENERAL SUCCESSION AND PROGRESSION OF ORGANIC 

 TYPES. Whilst admitting the impossibility of arranging the 

 animal kingdom upon any linear plan, no doubt obtains as to 

 the fact that some of the fundamental " morphological types," 

 or plans upon which animals have been constructed, are higher 

 than others. Every one admits, for example, that the Verte- 

 brate type is higher than the Molluscan or the Articulate type, 

 an admission which is not affected by the fact that the highest 

 Molluscs and Articulates are superior in point of organisation 

 i to the lowest Vertebrates. In the same way, within the limits 

 of each sub-kingdom, every one admits that some of the groups 

 are higher than the others. Every one, for example, would 

 admit that a Mammal is a superior animal to a Fish. It fol- 

 lows from this that a certain general arrangement of the animal 

 kingdom, as a whole, is possible, upon the comparative basis 

 of the morphological type of the sub-kingdoms. Similarly a 

 general and more exact arrangement of the classes and orders 

 of each sub-kingdom may be made by the degree of perfection 

 in which the type of the sub-kingdom is carried out in each. 

 -^ No generalisation of Palaeontology seems to stand on a 



