BIMANA. 



467 



and a form allied to the Orang. The Pliocene deposits of 

 France contain remains of the genera Semnopithecus, Macacus, 

 and Cercopithecus ; and a jaw of Macacus has been obtained 

 from similar deposits in Essex. 



ORDER XIV. BIMANA. This, the last remaining order of 

 the Mammalia, comprises Man (Homo) alone, and it will there- 

 fore require but little notice here, the peculiarities of Man's 

 mental and physical structure properly belonging to other 

 branches of science. 



Zoologically, Man is distinguished from all other Mammals 

 by his habitually erect posture and bipedal progression. The 

 lower limbs are exclusively devoted to progression and to sup- 

 porting the weight of the body. The anterior limbs are shorter 

 than the posterior, and have nothing whatever to do with pro- 

 gression. The thumb is opposable, and the hands are pre- 

 hensile, the fingers being provided with nails. The toes of the 

 hind-limb are also furnished with nails, but the hallux is not 

 opposable to the other digits, and the feet are therefore useless 

 as organs of prehension. The foot is broad and plantigrade, 

 and the whole sole is applied to the ground in walking. 



The dentition consists of thirty-two teeth, and these form a 

 nearly even and uninterrupted series, without any interval or 

 diastema. The dental formula is 



I I 



2 2 



3' 3 



377- A > Skull of the Orang-outang. B, Skull of an adult European. 



The brain is more largely developed and more abundantly 

 furnished with large and deep convolutions than is the case 

 with any other Mammal. The mammae are pectoral, and the 

 placenta is discoidal and deciduate. 



