FLORAS OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY PERIODS. 499 



cones likewise have been in some instances preserved. The 

 Conifers are represented by various genera more or less nearly 

 allied to the present Araucarice, and cones have been in a 

 few instances detected. 



Ferns occur very abundantly in the Jurassic series, the 

 commonest genera being Coniopteris (fig. 395), Odontopteris 

 (fig. 396), Sphenopteris, Cyclopteris, Phlebopteris, Pecopteris, 

 Polypodites, Pachypteris, and T&niopteris. 



Endogens are by no means unknown in the Jurassic series, 

 though no representative of the group of the Palms has been 

 as yet detected. Amongst the most important of the Oolitic 

 Endogens may be mentioned the Aroideous fruit described by 

 Mr Carruthers under the name of Aroides Stutterdi, and the 

 fruits known as Podocarya and Kaidacarpum, both of which 

 belong to the living order of the Pandanece, (Screw-pines). 



Fig. 396. Odontopteris cycadea. Lower Lias. 



CRETACEOUS PLANTS. The Lower Cretaceous Plants 

 greatly resemble those of the Jurassic period, consisting 

 mainly of Ferns, Cycads, and Conifers. The Upper Creta- 

 ceous Rocks, however, both in Europe and in North America, 

 have yielded an abundant flora which resembles the existing 

 vegetation of the globe in consisting mainly of Angiospermous 

 Exogens and of Monocotyledons. In Europe, the plant-re- 

 mains in question have been found chiefly in certain sands in 



