568 GLOSSARY. 



COLUBRINA (Lat. coluber, a snake). A division of the Opkidia. 

 COLUMBACEI (Lat. columba, a dove). The division of Rasoriai birds compris- 

 ing the Doves and Pigeons. 

 COLUMELLA (Lat. dim. of columna, a column). In Conchology, the central 



axis round which the whorls of a spiral univalve are wound. Amongst the 



A ctinozoa, it is the central axis or pillar which is found in the centre of the 



thecae of many corals. 

 COLUMN. Applied to the cylindrical body of a Sea-anemone (Actinia) ; also 



to the jointed stem or peduncle of the stalked Crinoids.. 

 CONCHIFERA (Lat concka, a shell ; fero, I carry). Shell-fish. Applied in a 



restricted sense to the bivalve Molluscs, and used as a synonym for Lamelli- 



brancldata. 

 CONDYLE (Gr. kondulos, a knuckle). The surface by which one bone articulates 



with another. Applied especially to the articular surface or surfaces by 



which the skull 'articulates with the vertebral column. 

 CONIROSTRES (Lat. conns, a cone ; rostrum, a beak). The division of Perching 



Birds with conical beaks. 



COPEPODA (Gr. kope, an oar ; podes, feet). An order of Crustacea. 

 CORACOID (Gr. korax, a crow ; eidos, form). One of the bones which enters 



into the composition of the pectoral arch in Birds, Reptiles, and Mono- 



tremes. In most Mammals it is a mere process of the scapula, having, in , 



man, some resemblance in shape to the beak of a crow. 

 CORALLIGENOUS. Producing a corallum. 

 CORALLITE. The corallum secreted by an Actinozob'n which consists of a single 



polype ; or the portion of a composite corallum which belongs to, and is 



secreted by, an individual polype. 

 CORALLUM (from the Latin for Red Coral). The hard structures deposited in, 



or by, the tissues of an Actinozob'n commonly called a " coral." 

 CORIACEOUS (Lat. corium, hide). Leathery. 

 CORYNIDA (Gr. korune, a club). A group of the Hydroid Zoophytes, so called 



from their sometimes possessing clubbed tentacles. 

 COST^E (Lat. costa, a rib). Applied amongst the Crinoidea to designate the 



rows of plates which succeed the inferior or basal portion of the cup (pel- 

 vis). Amongst the Corals the " costie " are vertical ridges which occur 



on the outer surface of the theca, and mark the position of the septa 



within. 



COSTAL (Lat. costa, a rib). Connected with the ribs. 

 CRANIUM (Gr. kranion, the skull). The bony or cartilaginous case in which 



the brain is contained. 



CRINOIDEA (Gr. krinon, a lily; eidos, form). An order of Echinodermata, com- 

 prising forms which are usually stalked, and sometimes resemble lilies in 



shape. 



CROCODILIA (Gr. krokodeilos, a crocodile). An order of Reptiles. 

 CROSSOPTERYGID.-E (Gr. krossotos, a fringe ; pterux, a fin). A sub-order of 



Ganoids in which the paired fins possess a central lobe. 

 CRUSTACEA (Lat. crusta, a crust). A class of Articulate animals, comprising 



Crabs, Lobstei*s, &c., characterised by the possession of a hard shell or 



crust, which they cast periodically. 

 CRYPTOGAMS (Gr. kruptos, concealed ; gamos, marriage). A division of plants 



in which the organs of reproduction are obscure and there are no true 



flowers. 

 CTENOID (Gr. kteis, a comb ; eidos, form). Applied to those scales of fishes, 



the hinder margins of which are fringed with spines or comb-like projections. 

 CTENOPHORA (Gr. kteis, a comb ; and phero, I carry). An order of Adinozoa, 



comprising oceanic creatures, which swim by means of "ctenophores," or 



bands of cilia arranged in comb-like plates. 

 CURSORES (Lat. curro, I run). An order of Aves, comprising birds destitute 



of the power of flight, but formed for running vigorously (e.g., the Ostrich 



and Emeu). 



CUSPIDATE. Furnished with small pointed eminences or " cusps." 

 CUTICLE (Lat. cuticula, dim. of cutis, skin). The pellicle which forms the 



