5/2 GLOSSARY. 



FURCULUM or FURCULA (Lat. dim. of f urea, a fork). The " merry- thought " 

 of birds, or the V-ishaped bone formed by the united clavicles. 



FUSIFORM (Lat. fusus, a spindle; and forma, shape). Spindle-shaped, or 

 pointed at both ends. 



GALLINACEI (Lat. gallina, a fowl). Sometimes applied to the whole order of 

 the Rasorial Birds, but properly restricted to that section of the order of 

 which the common Fowl is a typical example. 



GANGLION (Gr. gagglion, a knot). A mass of nervous matter containing 

 nerve-cells, and giving origin to nerve-fibres. 



GANOID (Gr. ganos, splendour, brightness). Applied to those scales or plates 

 which are composed of an inferior layer of true bone covered by a superior 

 layer of polished enamel. 



GANOIDEI. An order of Fishes. 



GASTEROPODA (Gr. gaster, stomach ; pous, foot). The class of the Molhisca 

 comprising the ordinary univalves, in which locomotion is usually effected 

 by a muscular expansion of the under surface of the body (the " foot"). 



GEMMAE (gemma, a bud). The buds produced by any animal, whether detached 

 or not. 



GEMMATION. The process of producing new structures by budding. 



GEMMIPAROUS (Lat. gemma, a bud ; pario, I produce). Giving origin to new 

 structures by a process of budding. 



GEPHYREA (Gr. gephura, a bridge). A class of the Anarthropoda, comprising 

 the Spoon-worms (Sipunculus) and their allies. 



GIZZARD. A muscular division of the stomach in Birds, Insects, &c. 



GLADIUS (Lat. a sword). Applied to the horny eudoskeleton or "pen" of 

 certain Cuttle-fishes. 



GLENOID (Gr. glene, a cavity ; eidos, form). A shallow cavity ; applied espe- 

 cially to the shallow articular cavity in the shoulder-blade to which the 

 head of the humerus is jointed. 



GRALLATORES (Lat. grallce, stilts). The order of the long-legged Wading 

 Birds. 



GRAPTOLITID^E (Gr. grapho, I write ; lithos, stone). An extinct sub-class of 

 the Hydrozoa. 



GREGAKINIDA (Lat. gregariiis, occurring in numbers together). A class of the 

 Protozoa. 



GUARD. The cylindrical fibrous sheath with which the internal chambered 

 shell (phragmacone) of a Belemnite is protected. 



GYMNOL^EMATA (Gr. gumnos, naked ; laimos, the throat). An order of the 

 Polyzoa in which the mouth is devoid of the valvular structure known as 

 the "epistome." 



GYMNOPHIONA (Gr. gumnos, naked ; ophis, a snake). The order of the Am- 

 phibia comprising the snake-like Ccecilice. 



GYMNOPHTHALMATA (Gr. gumnos ; and ophthalmos, the eye). Applied by Ed- 

 ward Forbes to those Medusce in which the eye-specks at the margin of the 

 disc are unprotected. The division is now abandoned. 



GYMNOSOMATA (Gr. gumnos ; and soma, the body). The order of Pteropoda 

 in which the body is not protected by a shell. 



HALLUX (Lat. allex, the thumb or great toe). The innermost of the five 



digits which normally compose the hind foot of a Vertebrate animal. In 



man, the great toe. 



HEMIPTERA (Gr. hemi; and pteron, wing). An order of Insects in which the 

 , anterior wings are sometimes " hemelytra." 

 HERMAPHRODITE ((3r. Hermes, Mercury ; Aphrodite, Venus). Possessing the 



characters of both sexes combined. 

 HETEROCERCAL (Gr. heteros, diverse; kerkos, tail.) Applied to the tail of 



Fishes when it is unsymmetrical, or composed of two unequal lobes. 

 HETEROPODA (Gr. heteros, diverse ; podes, feet). An aberrant group of the 



Gasteropods, in which the foot is modified so as to form a swimming 



organ. 



