GLOSSARY. 575 



LEPIDOPTERA (Gr. lepis, a scale ; pteron, a wing). An order of Insects, com- 

 prising Butterflies and Moths, characterised by possessing four wings which 

 are usually covered with minute scales. 



LEPIDOTA (Gr. lepis, a scale). Formerly applied to the order Dipnoi, con- 

 taining the Mud-fishes (Lepidosireri). 



LEPTOCARDIA (Gr. leptos, slender, small ; cardia, heart). The name given by 

 Muller to the order of Fishes comprising the Lancelot, now called Pharyn- 

 gobranchii. 



LOPHOPHORE (Gr. lophos, a crest ; and phero, I carry). The disc or stage 

 upon which the tentacles of the Polyzoa are borne. 



LOPHYROPODA (Gr. lophouros, having stiff hairs ; and podes, feet). A section 

 of Crustacea. 



LORICATA (Lat. lorica, a cuirass). The division of Reptiles comprising the 

 Chelonia and Crocodilia, in which bony plates are developed in the skin 

 (derma). 



LUCERNARIDA (Lat. lucerna, a lamp). An order of the Hydrozoa. 



LUMBAR (Lat. lumbus, loin). Connected with the loins. 



LUNATE (Lat. luna, moon). Crescentic in shape. 



LYCOPODIACE.E (Gr. lupos, a wolf ; pous, foot). The group of Cryptogamic 

 plants generally known as " Club-mosses." 



MACRURA (Gr. makros, long ; oura, tail). A tribe of Decapod Crustaceans with 

 long tails (e.g., the Lobster, Shrimp, &c.) 



MADREPORIFORM. Perforated with small holes, like a coral ; applied to the 

 tubercle by which the ambulacral system of the Echinoderms mostly com- 

 municates with the exterior. 



MALACOSTRACA (Gr. malakos, soft ; ostralcon, shell). A division of Crustacea. 

 Originally applied by Aristotle to the entire class Crustacea, because their 

 shells were softer than those of the Mollusca. 



MAMMALIA (Lat. mamma, the breast). The class of Vertebrate animals which 

 suckle their young. 



MANDIBLE (Lat. mandibulum, a jaw). The upper pair of jaws in Insects ; 

 also applied to one of the pairs of jaws in Crustacea and Spiders, to the beak 

 of Cephalopoda, the lower jaw of Vertebrates, &c. 



MANTLE. The external integument of most of the Mollusca, which is largely 

 developed, and forms a cloak in which the viscera are protected. Techni- 

 cally called the "pallium." 



MANUS (Lat. the hand). The hand of the higher Vertebrates. 



MARSIPOBRANCHII (Gr. marsipos, a pouch ; bragchia, gill). The order of 

 Fishes comprising the Hag-fishes and Lampreys, with pouch-like gills. 



MARSUPIALIA (Lat. marsupium, a pouch). An order of Mammals in which the 

 females mostly have an abdominal pouch in which the young are carried. 



MASTICATORY (Lat. mastico, I chew). Applied to parts adapted for chewing. 



MAXILLA (Lat. jaws). The inferior pair or pairs of jaws in the Arthropoda 

 (Insects, Crustacea, &c. ) The upper jaw-bones of Vertebrates. 



MAXILLIPEDES (Lat. maxillce, jaws ; pes, the foot). The limbs in Crustacea 

 and Myriapoda which are converted into masticatory organs, and are com- 

 monly called " foot-jaws." 



MEDULLA (Lat. marrow). Applied to the marrow of bones ; or to the spinal 

 cord, with or without the adjective " spinalis." 



MEDUSA. An order of Hydrozoa, commonly known as Jelly-fishes (Disco- 

 phora, or Acalephce), so called because of the resemblance of their tentacles 

 to the snaky hair of the Medusa. Many Medusae are now known to be 

 merely the gonophores of Hydrozoa. 



MEROSTQMATA (Gr. meron, thigh ; stoma, mouth). An order of Crustacea in 

 which the appendages which are placed round the mouth, and which offi- 

 ciate as jaws, have their free extremities developed into walking or pre- 

 hensile organs. 



MESENTERIES (Gr. mesos, intermediate ; enteron, intestine). In a restricted 

 sense, the vertical plates which divide the somatic cavity of a Sea-anemone 

 (Actinia) into chambers. 



