GLOSSARY. 581 



PULMONATE. Possessing lungs. 



PYKIFOEM (Lat. pyrus, a pear ; and/orww, form). Pear-shaped. 



QUADRUMANA (Lat. quatuor, four ; manus, hand). The order of Mammals 

 comprising the Apes, Monkeys, Baboons, Lemurs, &c. 



RADIATA (Lat. radios, a ray). Formerly applied to a large number of animals 

 which are now placed in separate sub-kingdoms (e.g., the C'celenterata, the 

 Echinodermata, the Infusoria, &c.) 



RADIOLARIA (Lat. radius, a ray). A division of Protozoa. 



RADIUS (Lat. a spoke or ray). The innermost of the two bones of the fore- 

 arm of the higher Vertebrates. It carries the thumb, when present, and 

 corresponds with the tibia of the hind-limb. 



RAMUS (Lat. a branch). Applied to each half or branch of the lower jaw, or 

 mandible, of Vertebrates. 



RAPTORES (Lat. rapto, I plunder). The order of the Birds of Prey. 



RASORES (Lat. rado, I scratch). The order of the Scratching Birds (Fowls, 

 Pigeons, &c.) 



RATIT^ (Lat. rates, a raft). Applied by Huxley to the Cursorial Birds, which 

 do not fly, and have therefore a raft-like sternum without any median 

 keel. 



RECTUM (Lat. rectus, straight). The terminal portion of the intestinal canal, 

 opening at the surface of the body at the anus. 



REPTILIA (Lat. repto, I crawl). The class of the Vertebrata comprising the 

 Tortoises, Snakes, Lizards, Crocodiles, &c. 



REVERSED. Applied to spiral univalves, in which the direction of the spiral 

 is the reverse of the normal i.e., sinistral. 



RHIZOPHAGA (Gr. rhiza, root ; phago, I eat). A group of the Marsupials. 



RHIZOPODA (Gr. rhiza, a root ; and pous, foot). The division of Protozoa com- 

 prising all those which are capable of emitting pseudopodia. 



RHYNCHOLITES (Gr. rhunchos, beak ; and lithos, stone). Beak-shaped fossils 

 consisting of the mandibles of Cephalopoda. 



RODENTIA (Lat. rodo, I gnaw). An order of the Mammals; often called Glires 

 (Lat. glis, a dormouse). 



RUGOSA (Lat. rugosus, wrinkled). An order of Corals. 



RUMINANTIA (Lat. ruminor, I chew the cud). The group of Hoofed Quadru- 

 peds (Ungidata) which " ruminate " or chew the cud. 



SACRUM. The vertebrae (usually anchylosed) which unite with the haunch- 

 bones (ilia) to form the pelvis. 



SAND-CANAL (= STONE-CANAL). The tube by which water is conveyed from 

 the exterior to the ambulacral system of the Echinodermata. 



SARCODE (Gr. sarx, flesh ; eidos, form). The jelly-like substance of which 

 the bodies of the Protozoa are composed. It is an albuminous body contain- 

 ing oil-granules, and is sometimes called " animal protoplasm." 



SARCOIDS (Gr. sarx ; and eidos, form). The separate amoebiform particles 

 which in the aggregate make up the " flesh " of a Sponge. 



SAURIA (Gr. saura, a lizard). Any lizard-like Reptile is often spoken of as a 

 " Saurian ; " but the term is sometimes restricted to the Crocodiles alone, 

 or to the Crocodiles and Lacertilians. 



SAUROBATRACHIA (Gr. saura; batrachos, frog). Sometimes applied to the 

 order of the tailed Amphibians (Urodela). 



SAUROPSIDA (Gr. saura; and opsis, appearance). The name given by Huxley 

 to the two classes of the Birds and Reptiles collectively. 



SAUROPTERTGIA (Gr. saura; pterux, wing). An extinct order of Reptiles, 

 called by Huxley Plesiosauna, from the typical genus Plesiosaurus. 



SAURUR.E (Gr. saura; oura, tail). The extinct order of Birds comprising 

 only the A rchceopteryx. 



SCANSORES (Lat. scando, I climb). The order of the Climbing Birds (Parrots, 

 Woodpeckers, &c.) 



SCAPULA (Lat. for shoulder-blade). The shoulder-blade of the pectoral arch 



