A VIE W IN PERSPECTIVE. 153 



the results of these social habits. But even in insects 

 the social instincts are very narrow in their applica- 

 tion, for although they produce association of indi- 

 viduals into colonies, although they are frequently 

 so far developed that the individual sacrifices his life 

 for the good of the colony, they do not give rise to 

 anything like an association of the colonies with each 

 other. Each colony of insects still keeps up the 

 natural warfare with other colonies.* 



Man is also universally a social animal, and during 

 all his history has lived in communities. In early 

 history, as among savages to-day, men united for 

 mutual protection into communities or tribes. But 

 while the members of each tribe show friendship for 

 each other, the separate tribes have retained the 

 same sort of mutual enmity that is possessed by the 

 colonies of social animals. Hostility is the constant 

 relation of the tribes to each other, a hostility per- 

 haps even more constant than among animals. This 

 constant hostility produced a more or less complete 

 separation of the tribes from each other, and the re- 

 sult, as in the rest of the animal world, was a gradual 

 separation of the tribes from each other. These are 

 exactly the conditions necessary for the production 

 of divergence in character and the formation of new 

 races. To this extent then the development of the 

 races of men was similar to the development of races 

 of animals. 



But almost from the beginning of the development 

 of man we notice a new law dependent on the pos- 

 session of conscience and the feeling of love. The 



* To this statement there are a few exceptions. 



