INTRODUCTION. 



Vll 



Class XI. DODECANDRIA (from SwSeica, twelve). Sta- 

 mens twelve. Example Sempervivum. 



Class XII. ICOSANDRIA (from etKom, twenty). Stamens 

 indefinite, but usually twenty, inserted in the calyx. 

 Examples Prunus and Pyrus. 



Class XIII. POLYANDRIA (from TroXv, many}. Stamens 

 indefinite, inserted in the receptacle. Examples Papaver 

 and Ranunculus. 



Class XIV. DIDYNAMIA (from Sic, twice, Svo, two, and 

 vij/ia, a filament). Stamens twice two, four, two long, 

 and two short. Examples Lamium and Digitalis. 



Class XV. TETRADYNAMIA (from Ttrpa,four, $vo,tu-o, 

 and vi\fia, a jilament). Stamens six, four long, and two 

 short. Examples Brassica and Sinapis. 



* * Stamens united by the filaments. 



Class XVI. MONADELPHIA (from juovoc, one, and 

 a&A^oc, a brother}. Stamens united by the filaments in 

 one body. Example Malva. 



Class XVII. DIADELPHIA (from &c, twice, and 

 aStA^oe, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments 

 into two bodies; in diadelphous pea-flowers the whole 

 are usually connected in one body, with a single one only 

 free. Examples Fumaria and Pisum. 



Class XVIII. POLYADELPHIA (from 7ro\v, many, and 

 aStX^oe, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments 

 into more than two bodies. Example Hypericum. 



* * * Stamens united by the anthers or tops into a 



cylinder. 



Class XIX. SYNGENESIA (from aw, together, and 

 yevtme, origin; in allusion to the flowers rising from a 

 common receptacle.) Example Leontodon. 



* * * # Stamens attached to, and standing upon the 



pistil. 



Class XX. GYNANDRIA (from ywv, a female, and av^p, 

 a male ; in allusion to the stamens being attached to the 

 pistil). Example Orchis. 



2. Flowers of distinct sexes. 



Class XXI. MONCECIA (from juovoc, one, and OIKOQ, 

 a house). Male and female flowers on the same plant. 

 Examples Begonia and Quercus. 



Class XXII. DKECIA (from &e, twice, and oticoe, a 

 house). Male and female flowers on different plants. 

 Examples Populus and Sryonia. 



Class XXIII. POLYGAMIA (from iroXv, many, and 



, a marriage). Male and female flowers on the same 

 or on different plants along with hermaphrodite ones. 

 Examples Atriplex Acacia and Fraxinus. 



SECOND GRAND DIVISION. 



Plants with inconspicuous flowers, that is to say, with 

 the parts of fructification not evident. 



Class XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA (from K/OVTTTOC, concealed, 

 and yafio^, marriage). Reproductive organs hardly visible. 

 Examples Polypodium, Hypnum, Jungermannia, Con- 

 ferva, Fucus, Lichen, Agaricus, &c. 



ORDERS. 



Orders are principally formed from the number of styles, 

 as the Classes are from the number of stamens, especially 

 those in the first thirteen Classes, viz. MONOGYNIA, from 

 juovoe, one, and yvvr\, a female, (and so on with the other 

 orders). Style one. DIGYNIA, Styles two. TRIGYNIA, 

 Styles three. TETRAGYNIA, Styles four. PENTAGYNIA, 

 Styles five. HEXAGYNIA, Styles six. HEPTAGYNIA, 

 Styles seven. OCTOGYNIA, Styles eight, &c. POLY- 

 GYNIA, Styles numerous. 



The 14th Class, DIDYNAMIA contains two orders; the 

 first is called GYMNOSPERMIA (from ywjuvoe, naked, and 

 <nrfp/j.a, a seed). Seeds naked, not inclosed in a capsule. 

 Example Lamium. The second ANGIOSPERMIA (from 

 ayytiov, a vessel, and awspfjLa, a seed). Seeds inclosed in 

 a capsule. Example Digitalis. 



The 15th Class, TETRADYNAMIA, also contains two 

 orders. First, SlLlQUOSA (from siliqua, a long pod). 

 Pods long, as those of Sinapis and Brassica. The second 

 SILICULOSA (from silicula, a short pod). Pods short, as 

 those of Lepidium and Biscutella. 



The 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, and 22nd classes have 

 their order formed from the number of stamens, exactly 

 upon the same principles as those of the first thirteen 

 classes, as MONANDRIA, DIANDRIA, TRIANDRIA, TE- 



TRANDRIA, PENTANDRIA, HEXANDRIA, HEPTANDRIA, 



OCTANDRIA, DECANDRIA, DODECANDRIA, and PO- 

 LYANDRIA. 



The 19th class, SYNGENESIA, contains five orders. 

 First ^EQUALIS (from tequalis, equal). Florets of the 

 disk and ray all hermaphrodite. Second SUPERFLUA 

 (from superftuus, superfluous). Florets of the disk herma- 

 phrodite, of the ray female. Third FRUSTRANEA (from 

 frustra, in vain). Florets of' the disk fertile, of the ray 

 sterile. Fourth NECESSARIA (from necessarius, neces- 

 sary). Florets of the ray female, of the disk male. Fifth 



