22 



RANUNCULACE^E. VII. HEPATICA. VIII. HYDRASTIS. IX. KNOWLTONIA. 



near Dresden. Flowers blueish or dark violet. Perhaps a 

 variety of An. pratensis. 



Allied Pasque-flower. Fl. April, May. PL | foot. 



VII. HEPA'TICA (from iiirariicoc, hepaticos, of or relating 

 to the liver. The three lobes of the leaves have been compared 

 to the three lobes of the liver.) Dill, giess. p. 108. t. 5. Lin. 

 hort. cliff. 223. D. C. syst. 1. p. 215. prod. 1. p. 22. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Involucrum of 3 entire 

 leaves, in the form of a calyx, close to the flower. Calyx of 

 G to 9 petal-like coloured sepals, disposed into two or three series. 

 Stamens and ovaries numerous. Carpels tailless. Small peren- 

 nial early- flowering evergreen herbs, with 3-7-lobed leaves. 

 Scapes 1 -flowered, numerous, rising from the same root. 



1 H. TRILOBA (Chaix in Vill. dauph. 1. p. 336.) leaves cor- 

 date, 3-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles and 

 scapes rather hairy. I/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe 

 in hedges and shady places. Anemone Hepatica, Lin. spe. 758. 

 Oed. fl. dan. 612. Smith, eng. bot. t. 51. fl. graec. 513. Schk. 

 hand. 2. t. 150. Anemone prae'cox, Sal. prod. 371. Colour of 

 flowers usually blue ; found in gardens, but seldom if ever in the 

 fields, with white, brown, flesh-coloured, red, purple, violet, or 

 variegated flowers, but never yellow ; single or double. Leaves 

 green, purplish or variegated underneath. All these varieties are 

 designated under names in old books, but here we have thought 

 proper to omit them. 



Three-lobed-\eaved or common Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. 

 England. PI. i foot. 



2 H. AMERICA'NA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 387.) leaves cordate, 

 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, roundish, obtuse ; petioles and 

 scapes very pilose. I/ . H. Native of North America on the 

 sides of fertile and rocky hills from Canada to Carolina. H. 

 triloba /3. D. C. syst. 1. p. 216 ; H. trlloba, Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. 

 p. 391. Var. y, Hook. Flowers red. 



American Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1800. PI. i ft. 



3 H. ANGULOSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves palmately 

 5-lobed ; lobes serrated. I/ . H. Native of? formerly cultivated 

 in the Physic garden, Paris. An. angulosa, Lam. diet. 1. p. 

 169. Flowers purple or blue. Sepals 8-9, elliptical, spreading. 



Angular-leaved Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt ? PL -J ft. 



4 H. ACUTILOBA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 22.) leaves cordate, 

 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, acute ; petioles pilose. If. . H. 

 Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains and in Canada. 

 Anemone Hepatica. var. acutfloba, Bigl. Hook. Flowers blue. 

 Perhaps a good species. Dr. Boott has gathered a variety of 

 this or //. Americana with 5-cleft leaves near Boston. 



Acute-lobed Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1818. PL \ ft. 



5 H. INTEGRIF&LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves ovate, 

 quite entire : scapes and petioles very villous. If. . F. Native 

 of South America on the mountain Gualgayoc, at the height of 

 1850 fathoms. Anemone integrifolia, H. B. et Kth. nov. 

 gen. et spe. amer. 5. p. 40. Perhaps the involucrum is 1 -leaved, 

 and the leaflets divided to the base into 3 parts. Flower sessile, 

 white. Sepals 8-10, linear, shorter than the involucrum. Ova- 

 ries villous. 



Entire-leaved Hepatica. PI. -J foot. 



Cult. Hepaticas are great favourites for the flower- border, 

 both as being evergreen in their foliage, and for their abundant 

 early blossoms and great variety of colours and shades. A light 

 loam or peat soil suits them best ; and they are easily increased 

 by dividing the plants at the root, in spring. 



VIII. HYDRA'STIS (from vSup, hydor, water ; in reference 

 to the humid places wherein it grows.) Lin. gen. no. 704. Juss. 

 gen. 232. D.C. syst.l. p. 217. prod. 1. p. 23. Warneria Mill, 

 fig. 2. t. 285. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 3 ovate sepals. 



FIG. 7. 



(f. 7. a.) Petals wanting. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Fruit 

 baccate, numerous, collected into ahead (f. 7. b.) each terminated 

 by the style,. 1 -celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds somewhat egg-shaped, 

 smooth. A small perennial herb with tuberous roots and 3-5- 

 parted leaves. Root bitter, rather pungent and tonic, yielding a 

 beautiful yellow dye, whence its name yellow-root. 



HY. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spe. 784.) I/ . H. Native of North 

 America in watery places, in tracts along the Allegheny mountains, 

 from Canada to Carolina ; along 

 the river Ohio, and on the western 

 parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania, 

 in shady woods in fertile soil and 

 among rocks. Pict. hort. par. 37. 

 t. 17. Root with fleshy tubercles, yel- 

 low on the inside. Stem herbaceous, 

 simple, 1 -flowered. Lower leaves 1 

 or 2, stalked, upper ones almost ses- 

 sile, all of which are 3-5-parted, 

 with their lobes grossly toothed. 

 Flowers white or purplish, terminal, 

 stalked. Fruit fleshy, red, similar to 

 those ofRubus. Carpels ovate, acute. J? <8jTO 



Canadian Yellow-Root. Fl. May, 

 June. Clt. 1759. PL 1 foot. 



Cult. This plant being rather difficult to increase, is rare in 

 our gardens. It requires to be planted in a moist shady situa- 

 tion, because if planted in a situation exposed to the sun it 

 rarely lives through the summer. It is increased by dividing 

 the plants at the root in spring, or by seeds. 



IX. KNOWLTO' NIA (named after Thomas Knowlton, once the 

 Curator of the Botanic Garden at Eltham). Sal. prod. 372. 

 D. C. syst. 1. p. 218. prod. 1. p. 23. 



LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 

 5-15, with a naked claw. Stamens numerous. Ovaries nu- 

 merous, seated on a globose receptacle. Cariopsides numerous, 

 1 -seeded, baccate. Styles deciduous, awnless. Evergreen pe- 

 rennial herbs, emulating the habit of some umbelliferous plants, 

 with biternate or triternate leaves, and umbels of greenish-yellow 

 flowers. 



1 KN. RIGIDA (Sal. prod. 372.) leaves biternate ; leaflets 

 somewhat cordate, coriaceous, smoothish, lateral ones obliquely 

 truncate at the base, umbel supradecompound, spreading. If. . G. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 850 

 Com. hort. 1. p. 1. t. 1. Ad6nis Capensis, Lin. spec. 772: 

 Adonis coriacea, Poir. suppl. p. 146. Anamenia coriacea, Vent, 

 malm. l.p. 22. t. 22. 



Rigid Knowltonia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1780. PL 1 foot. 



2 KN. VESICATO'RIA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 775.) leaves biternate; 

 Leaflets somewhat cordate, rigid, smoothish, lateral ones at 

 base obliquely truncate ; umbel rather simple, few-flowered. 

 If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pluk. aim. 198. 

 t. 95. f. 2. Ad6nis vesicatoria. Lin. fil. suppl. 272. Adonis 

 Capensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 46, exclusive of the synonym of Barr. 

 Anamenia laserpitiifolia, Vent. malm. 1. p. 22. Anamenia vesi- 

 catoria, Dum. cours. bot. cult. 4. p. 438. Adonis laserpitiifolia, 

 Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147. 



Blistering Knowltonia. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1691. PL 1 ft. 



3 KN. GRA'CILIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 219.) leaves biternate; 

 leaflets ovate, profoundly serrated, rigid, pilose ; scapes branched 

 at the top ; branches erect, few-flowered. If. . G. Native of the 

 Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 1 . t. 1 9. Adonis JEthi- 

 opica. Thun. prod. cap. ? Anamenia gracilis, Vent. malm. 1 . 

 p. 22. in obs. ; Adonis gracilis, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147. Adonis 

 Capensis Thunb. 



